传感器参数误差下的运动目标TDOA/FDOA无源定位算法

在运动目标无源定位系统中，许多算法的前提是精确已知传感器的位置以及速度，但实际情况下可利用的传感器的参数均会存在一些噪声扰动。针对这一问题，提出一种改进的两步加权最小二乘（TSWLS）时差（TDOA）与频差（FDOA）定位算法。该算法是一种闭式算法并且分为2步。第1步与经典的两步加权最小二乘算法相同，第2步进一步研究了额外变量与目标参数之间的关系并且建立了新的矩阵方程。随后，利用加权最小二乘技术给出了最终解。理论分析证明了在测量噪声较小时该算法能够达到克拉美罗界（CRLB）。所提算法具有计算复杂度低，实时性高的优点；另外，经过适当的维度调整，该算法同样适用于对多非相交源进行定位求解。计算机仿真进一步证明了理论分析的正确性。     

Performance evaluation of some rain rate conversion models for microwave propagation studies

An important characteristic of rainfall levels at a particular place is the statistical distribution of rainfall rate. In this paper, 5-min integration time rainfall data for the Northcentral region of Nigeria was obtained from the Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN), Anyigba, Nigeria. Also, 1-min integration time rainfall was measured at Minna, Nigeria. In order to obtain the optimal rain rate model suitable for this region, two globally recognised rain rate models were critically evaluated and compared with the 1-min measurements. These are the ITU-R P.837-7 and Lavergnat-Gole (L-G) models. The results obtained showed that the ITU-R P.837-7 and L-G models respectively underestimated the measured rain rate by 7.3 mm/h and 9 mm/h at time percentage exceedance of 0.1%, while they underestimated the measured rain rate by 23.4 mm/h and 13 mm/h respectively at 0.01%. At 0.001%, the measured rain rate was overestimated by the ITU-R P.837-7 and L-G models by 27.4 mm/h and 3 mm/h respectively. Further performance evaluation of the predefined models was carried out using different error metrics such as sum of absolute error (SAE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation (STDEV) and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results obtained adjudged the Lavergnat-Gole model as the best rain rate prediction model for this region.     

Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进展

综述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的研究进展。首先介绍了显式大时间步长格式的概念、分类和优势。然后重点阐述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的构造方法、高阶精度推广方法、多维问题推广方法和收敛特性、分辨率及计算效率等性能，展示了其在典型问题中的应用和验证。最后给出了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进一步可能的发展方向。     

一种用于同步静止卫星监测的微型VLBI网

针对地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星全天时全天候高精度的监测需求，考虑传统甚长基线干涉（VLBI）测站高成本、高投入和GEO卫星专用观测时段有限等制约条件，研发了简易型VLBI观测系统，并组建了包括上海、都匀和乌鲁木齐三站的微型VLBI网（micro VLBI network，MVN），开展了并置站测试以及对GEO卫星亚太6C的连续监测，并评估了当前MVN的观测能力。结果表明MVN扣除系统差后的单站接收精度为2ns，各基线观测时延拟后残差约几纳秒，GEO目标实测位置精度为百米级（内外符精度分别约100m和400m）。不同于传统VLBI和其他GEO监测手段，MVN还具备全天时、全天候、低造价、易布设及易推广等特点，充分表明了其在GEO卫星监测领域的应用价值。     

Adaptive level of autonomy for human-UAVs collaborative surveillance using situated fuzzy cognitive maps

Collaborating with a squad of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is challenging for a human operator in a cooperative surveillance task. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model that can dynamically adjust the Levels of Autonomy (LOA) of the human-UAVs team according to the changes in task complexity and human cognitive states. Specifically, we use the Situated Fuzzy Cognitive Map (SiFCM) to model the relations among tasks, situations, human states and LOA. A recurrent structure has been used to learn the strategy of adjusting the LOA, while the collaboration task is separated into a perception routine and a control routine. Experiment results have shown that the workload of the human operator is well balanced with the task efficiency.     

基于预测模型迭代优化的改进比例导引律

为了提高对加速度时变机动目标的制导精度,将预测决策理论与传统比例导引(PN)相结合,提出了一种通过泰勒级数预测模型迭代控制加速度修正项的改进比例导引律。首先,以预设的低阶泰勒级数预测模型预测特定时间的位移,并计算位移预测值与测量值的差值;然后,通过迭代方法逐阶增加泰勒级数预测模型阶数,直至满足精度要求;最后,计算泰勒级数预测模型的二阶导数,修正比例导引律的加速度指令。仿真结果表明,传统PN和APN的脱靶量分别约为195 m和95 m,提出的改进比例导引律的脱靶量约为8.3 m,极大地提高了制导精度。     

带有时间约束的再入滑翔轨迹设计

为了满足飞行器协同飞行任务需求，本文研究了带有时间约束的再入滑翔轨迹设计方法。首先，建立了合理假设条件下的再入滑翔运动模型，并且提出了一种再入滑翔轨迹分段方法。其次，针对不同飞行段特点及任务需求，分别设计了各段导引律。其中，重点推导了滑翔段飞行剩余时间和剩余航程的解析解，将剩余飞行时间与末制导交班点速度建立对应关系，运用解析预测-校正思想，通过在时间调整段和能量调整段调节倾侧角翻转时机和幅值，同时满足末端能量和时间约束。最后，通过理论分析与仿真校验说明了本方法的有效性及鲁棒性。     

Cooperative guidance strategy for multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles system

Cooperative guidance strategy for multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles system with flight constraints and cooperative constraints is investigated. This paper mainly cares about the coordination of the entry glide flight phase and driving-down phase. Different from the existing results, both the attack time and the attack angle constraints are considered simultaneously. Firstly, for the entry glide flight phase, a two-stage method is proposed to achieve the rapid cooperative trajectories planning, where the control signal corridors are designed based on the quasi-equilibrium gliding conditions. In the first stage, the bank angle curve is optimized to achieve the attack angle coordination. In the second stage, the angle of attack curve is optimized to achieve the attack time coordination. The optimized parameters can be obtained by the secant method. Secondly, for the driving-down phase, the cooperative terminal guidance law is designed where the terminal attack time and attack angle are considered. The guidance law is then transformed into the bank angle and angle of attack commands. The cooperative guidance strategy is summarized as an algorithm. Finally, a numerical simulation example with three hypersonic gliding vehicles is provided for revealing the effectiveness of the acquired strategy and algorithm.     

射频接收机电磁敏感性行为级分析方法

提出一种基于简化Volterra级数模型的射频接收机电磁敏感性(EMS,Elec-tromagnetic Susceptibility)行为级仿真方法.利用3阶简化Volterra级数模型对接收机EMS进行分析,根据EMS频响特性,提出一种通用的EMS判据,并给出敏感度阈值仿真求解流程图.弥补了以往在接收机EMS分析时以试验为主,缺乏仿真分析的缺陷.以某双频GPS(GlobalPositioning System)接收机受连续波干扰为例,对带内和带外(包括镜频和互调)敏感度阈值进行求解.仿真结果表明该方法不仅有效、可行,而且减少了敏感度阈值求解所需的内存空间和仿真运行时间,适应于一般射频接收机的EMS分析,在工程技术领域切合实际.     

氧气/醇类燃气发生器启动过程试验研究

对氧气/醇类燃气发生器进行了热态试验,对启动过程进行了描述和分析,并引入点火时间和着火延迟两个参数深入研究了燃气发生器的启动规律。研究表明,燃烧室流量密度的增加对燃气发生器的点火时间影响不大,但会引起着火延迟的明显增加;时序中氧气与燃料两种组元进入燃烧室的时刻对启动过程有较大的影响,二者存在一个最优的时间间隔,可以保证燃气发生器快速、平稳、安全的启动。