飞行器百千瓦级相变储热换热器性能仿真研究

机载激光武器每次工作时会产生几百千瓦的废热,国外研究机构普遍采用相变储热换热器,对其进行短时存储、长时排散。基于此,针对国际先进相变储热换热器技术进行探索性研究,提出一种三通道板翅式相变储热换热器构型,通过数值模拟的方式,定量分析了换热器主要结构参数对工作性能的影响。结果表明,热流体出口温度随相变材料通道翅片高度的增加而下降,且随流体通道翅片高度和翅片节距的增加而上升。此外,换热器内部区域存在低效储热区、高效储热区和控温缓冲区3个部分,需要通过设置多流程的方式,以确保蓄热期间内热流体出口温度始终满足设计要求。     

融化过程自然对流影响作用的实验研究

采用实验的方法对相变材料融化过程中自然对流的影响进行了研究,获得了自然对流作用下的融化速率与平均Nusselt数的准则关系式.结果表明,与纯导热模型相比,自然对流作用加速了融化的进行,建立导热-对流耦合传热模型对于准确预测融化过程具有一定的必要性.     

基于水膜流动与耦合传热的翼型防/除冰计算

针对飞行器防/除冰过程中翼面上空气-水膜-冰层-机翼之间的耦合传质传热现象,建立了一种基于水膜流动与耦合传热模型的翼型防/除冰数值模拟方法.基于Myers水膜流动模型建立了防/除冰热载荷作用下翼面溢流水流动、积冰及内部温度分布的数值计算理论.对于翼型及冰层内的传热现象,利用焓理论及有限体积法建立了复杂多层结构传热的数值...     

空间在轨环境下的30 cm离子推力器三栅极组件间距变化仿真分析

采用有限元仿真(FEM)与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法，计算并模拟了30 cm离子推力器处于在轨环境时，有、无主动热控对三栅极相对位移变化造成的影响，并对目前离子推力器设置的工作启动流程可能造成的打火风险进行了预估。结果显示：三栅极组件的热形变方向均为法向方向，且栅极中心区域的间距最小；在 -269 ℃ 在轨极限环境温度下，推力器在5 kW工作模式下温度平衡后的屏栅与加速栅最大热态间距为0.14 mm，加速栅和减速栅则已发生贴合；在受太阳辐照以及卫星帆板恒温边界的影响下，栅面最低初始温度为-102 ℃；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为20 ℃时，栅面最低启动温度为-25 ℃，且推力器工作8000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅与减速栅的最小间距分别稳定在0.25 mm和0.20 mm；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为50 ℃时，推力器工作9000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅和减速栅最小间距分别稳定在0.31 mm和0.30 mm，能够满足0.25 mm的栅极安全打火间距要求。     

国外老龄化飞机结构健康监控方法

由于经济原因,国外多国军方都不得不通过延长现役飞机的寿命来维持老龄化飞机的使用。老龄化飞机在机身、蒙皮、支撑件、起落架和装配托架等位置可能出现金属疲劳裂纹,而且腐蚀影响也会使材料性能降低至失效临界点。本文旨在讨论通过有效的结构健康监控手段与方法,实现基于状态的维修,基于此提出的综合变化检测方法将有助于飞机寿命的延长。     

经济学视角下的企业变革阻力问题研究

从经济学视角出发,发现企业变革中存在阻力问题的原因主要表现在以下三个方面:一是路径依赖使企业变革受到惯性阻力;二是信息不对称使得员工恐惧产生变革阻力;三是变革的风险成本大于收益,困扰企业变革前进的脚步。基于此,要消除企业变革的阻力问题可以从加强对员工的培训力度、让员工参与变革、塑造共同愿景、建立强有力的领导团队以及提高员工对变革的适应性等几个方面着手。     

Time distribution of the precipitable water vapor in central Saudi Arabia and its relationship to solar activity

Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas. It plays a major role in the dynamics of atmospheric circulation, radiation exchange within the atmosphere, and climate variability. Knowledge of the distribution of water vapor is important for understanding climate change and global warming.     

Two modest proposals for propelling NASA forward

The external and internal environments of NASA have been shifting, necessitating new approaches to problem solving and innovation. Based on a strategic alignment analysis, and an understanding of NASA's internal and external contexts, we have two modest proposals: First, give NASA flexibility to manage its human resources and infrastructure based on market-based, competitive, performance-oriented principles. Second, it is time for NASA to become a real network organization. One that is properly integrated both internally (across NASA centers) as well as externally with whatever organizations have superior space-related knowledge and technology, wherever they are.     

On the Response of the Climate System to Solar Forcing

The climate response to changes in radiative forcing depends crucially on climate feedback processes, with the consequence that solar and greenhouse gas forcing have both similar response patterns in the troposphere. This circumstance complicates significantly the attribution of the causes of climate change. Additionally, the climate system displays a high level of unforced intrinsic variability, and significant variations in the climate of many parts of the world are due to internal processes. Such internal modes contribute significantly to the variability of climate system on various time scales, and thus compete with external forcing in explaining the origin of past climate extremes. This highlights the need for independent observations of solar forcing including long-term consistent observational records of the total and spectrally resolved solar irradiance. The stratospheric response to solar forcing is different from its response to greenhouse gas forcing, thus suggesting that stratospheric observations could offer the best target for the identification of the specific influence of solar forcing on climate.     

Deriving a sea surface temperature record suitable for climate change research from the along-track scanning radiometers

We describe the approach to be adopted for a major new initiative to derive a homogeneous record of sea surface temperature for 1991–2007 from the observations of the series of three along-track scanning radiometers (ATSRs). This initiative is called (A)RC: (Advanced) ATSR Re-analysis for Climate. The main objectives are to reduce regional biases in retrieved sea surface temperature (SST) to less than 0.1 K for all global oceans, while creating a very homogenous record that is stable in time to within 0.05 K decade⁻¹, with maximum independence of the record from existing analyses of SST used in climate change research. If these stringent targets are achieved, this record will enable significantly improved estimates of surface temperature trends and variability of sufficient quality to advance questions of climate change attribution, climate sensitivity and historical reconstruction of surface temperature changes. The approach includes development of new, consistent estimators for SST for each of the ATSRs, and detailed analysis of overlap periods. Novel aspects of the approach include generation of multiple versions of the record using alternative channel sets and cloud detection techniques, to assess for the first time the effect of such choices. There will be extensive effort in quality control, validation and analysis of the impact on climate SST data sets. Evidence for the plausibility of the 0.1 K target for systematic error is reviewed, as is the need for alternative cloud screening methods in this context.