负梯度浅海混响条件下吊放声纳主动探测深度研究

负梯度浅海条件下,吊放声纳主动工作时混响呈现"峰"现象,且随吊放声纳深度变化。为此,建立浅海混响模型,采用Bellhop模型计算吊放声纳与海底散射元之间的传播,并依据Jackson模型推导海底反向散射强度的计算方法。结合海底散射面积的估算与吊放声纳主动工作满足小掠射角的特点,对浅海混响进行了仿真和分析。     

载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展,对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究;重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理,并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类,指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时,成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点,指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比,讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。     

发动机进气道短舱前缘结冰三维模拟研究

为计算发动机进气道短舱前缘的结冰冰形,在Messinger结冰热力学模型的基础上发展了一套纯三维的表面溢流水流动结冰模型。考虑空气摩擦力为表面溢流水流动的主要驱动力,用空气对进气道表面的剪切力来确定溢流水的流动方向及流量分配。为求解溢流水结冰模型,发展了一套重复查找表面控制体状态的方法,能够快速完成整个三维表面的计算。用该方法对某三维发动机进气道进行计算,得到了三维结冰冰形,并将计算结果与FENSAP-ICE计算结果进行了对比,结果显示两者的冰形轮廓基本一致,仅在冰角处存在差异,表明本文三维发动机结冰计算模型与计算方法是有效的,其计算精度与FENSAP-ICE结果相当。     

Estimation of vertically integrated water vapor in Hungary using MODIS imagery

Information about the amount and spatial structure of atmospheric water vapor is essential in understanding meteorology and the Earth environment. Space-borne remote sensing offers a relatively inexpensive method to estimate atmospheric water vapor in the form of integrated water vapor (IWV). The research activity reported in the present paper is based on the data acquired by the HRPT/MODIS (High Resolution Picture Transmission, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) receiving station established in Budapest (Hungary) by the Space Research Group of the Eötvös Loránd University. Integrated water vapor is estimated by the remotely sensed data of the MODIS instrument with different methods and also by the operational numerical weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Radiosonde data are used to evaluate the accuracy of the different IWV fields though it has been pointed out that the in situ data also suffers from uncertainties. It was found that both the MODIS and the ECMWF based fields are of good accuracy. The satellite data represent finer scale spatial structures while the ECMWF data have a relatively poor spatial resolution. The high quality IWV fields have proved to be useful for radiative transfer studies such as the atmospheric correction of other satellite data from times different than the overpass times of satellites Terra/Aqua and the forecast times of the model data. For this purpose the temporal variability of IWV is scrutinized both using ECMWF and MODIS data. Taking advantage of Terra and Aqua overpasses, the mean rate of change of IWV estimated by the near infrared method was found to be 0.47 ± 0.45 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, while it was 0.13 ± 0.65 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ based on the infrared method. The numerical weather prediction model’s analysis data estimated −0.01 ± 0.13 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ for the mean growth rate, while using forecast data it was 0.24 ± 0.18 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. MODIS data should be used when available for the estimation of the IWV in other studies. If no satellite data are available, or available data are only from one overpass, ECMWF based IWV can be used. In this case the analysis fields (or the satellite field) should be used for temporal extrapolation but the rate of change should be calculated from the forecast data due to its higher temporal resolution.     

交叉式多股流板翅式换热器数值研究

借鉴顺逆式板翅式换热器研究成果,分析了交叉式多股流板翅式换热器传热机理,建立了基于有限容积法的多股流板翅式换热器传热数学模型,经过合理假设将翅片间距与单元格尺寸独立,拓展了前人数学模型适用范围.同时,以机载交叉式3股流板翅式换热器为例,对单元格尺寸选取进行了探讨,对同一通道单元格内流体流动横向传热进行了分析,证明了忽略流动横向传热的可行性,从而在保证精度不变条件下提高了计算效率;并在流体变入口参数条件下进行试验,对数值计算方法进行验证,通过与试验数据对比,理论计算误差小于7.9%,证明了数值计算方法的合理性.      

水滴撞击特性的动态图像测量方法

用石膏脱模的方法制作圆柱实验件.实验采集圆柱试件表面不同位置染色过程的动态视频数据;依据圆柱驻点处色度值时序信号的增长曲线,将实验划分为欠饱和区、平衡区和过饱和区3个阶段;将平衡区RGB色度空间的色度值c与水滴撞击特性的局部水收集系数建立关联.结果表明:平衡区的比色分布符合局部水收集系数相对驻点处β/β_m分布;不同位置c值增长曲线具有相似性,缩比时间尺度1/t_b分布符合数值仿真欧拉法β/β_m分布的定义;实验结果与数值仿真结果对比误差率小于10%.     

水升华器空间应用研究

对国内外水升华器的研究和应用情况进行了分析,总结了水升华器的工作模式、失效特点及水升华器性能影响因素,探讨了美国水升华器在结构、功能、可靠性方面的发展趋势,提出了我国未来空间应用对升华器的研究需求及在水升华器热分析建模、应用策略、"击穿"抑制方面值得关注的问题。     

贮箱容积偏差及测量精度分析

贮箱一般采用称重法进行容积测量,但测量值与理论设计值偏差较大。分析了贮箱在生产制造、液压试验、介质加注、称重、容积计算和变形等环节出现偏差的原因。通过贮箱计算实例分析了各环节偏差大小,提出了减小偏差的对策,并对贮箱容积测量提出了改进方案。     

舰船油,水系统监控和动力系统技术诊断研究

本文简要论述了舰船油、水系统监控和动力系统技术诊断原理,介绍了以微处理机为核心的监控与技术诊断系统的关键硬件设计要点和软件主程序设计框图,A/D转换虑波程序、数据采集、故障处理及声光报警程序设计。给出了新研制的舰船油、水系统监控和系统技术诊断的背景性参考实例的调试经验。