Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow Field Based on Overset Grids and Several Spatial and Temporal Discretization Schemes

A numerical method based on solutions of Euler/Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is developed for calculating the flow field over a rotor in hover. Jameson central scheme, van Leer flux-vector splitting scheme, advection upwind splitting method (AUSM) scheme, upwind AUSM/van Leer scheme, AUSM+ scheme and AUSMDV scheme are implemented for spatial discretization, and van Albada limiter is also applied. For temporal discretization, both explicit Runge-Kutta method and implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method are attempted. Simultaneously, overset grid technique is adopted. In detail, hole-map method is utilized to identify intergrid boundary points (IGBPs). Furthermore, aimed at identification issue of donor elements, inverse-map method is implemented. Eventually, blade surface pressure distributions derived from numerical simulation are validated compared with experimental data, showing that all the schemes mentioned above have the capability to predict the rotor flow field accurately. At the same time, vorticity contours are illustrated for analysis, and other characteristics are also analyzed.     

水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

平板上挡板前后涡核位置的测量

在水洞中用氢气泡法在平板上挡板前后的涡核位置进行了测量。本试验旨在确定挡板高度及其雷诺数对涡核装置的影响，结果表明，（ａ）对于单个挡板情况，涡核离开平板的高度和涡核与挡板的距离将随着挡板的高度增加而增加，但涡核的高度和距离与挡板高度的比例随挡板高度的增加而降低；（ｂ）对于两个挡板情况，挡板的高度和挡板之间的距离对涡核位置的影响是主要的。     

三硝基间苯二酚中硫酸测定的研究

本文研究了硫酸钡在氨水溶液中与ＥＤＴＡ的反应条件，提出用ＥＤＴＡ滴定法测定三硝基间苯二酚中的硫酸。本法准确度较高，稳定性好，操作简单，与样品标准值对照，结果满意。     

SQL Server数据复制在自来水数据库系统中的实现

介绍了Microson SQL Server数据复制的概念、工作原理和拓扑结构,并结合自来水公司的业务特点和应用需求,提出了适合企业业务发展的分布式系统解决方案.     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

水平表面气流剪切作用下的水膜厚度

飞机结冰表面上的液态水受气流吹拂作用会发生向后溢流,从而影响结冰区域范围及防冰系统设计;为了获得水膜流动规律,对水平平板表面上气流剪切驱动的水膜流动进行了实验测量和建模分析。通过水膜流动风洞试验台产生高速气流驱动水膜的流动,使用色散共焦位移计测量同一位置的水膜在不同时刻的厚度变化,结果表明气-液界面由底层薄水膜和多种尺度的波动组成,具有变化速度快随机性强的特点。通过水膜厚度随气流速度及水膜雷诺数的变化规律,发现平均水膜厚度与两者均呈现出单调非线性的依赖关系。基于薄水膜流动理论和平均水膜厚度实验结果,提出了高速气流剪切作用下的气-液波动界面剪切因子计算式,适用于风速17.8~52.2m/s,水膜雷诺数26~128之间的平板水膜流动计算。     

区域运输规划模型系统

提出一种区域运输规划模型系统,以求从定量的角度,预测一个区域内的货物运输量,继而确定这些运输量对该区域内存在的多种运输方式的偏好结构,最后仿真这些运量在相应的各种运输网络上的分布情况,同时仿真模型还对运输网线路经过新建或扩建后所形成的新的运量分布进行模拟。根据运量分布情况,就可提出初步的规划建设方案。     

翼型舵面偏转非定常流动数值模拟

针对NACA0012翼型舵面偏转问题,数值模拟了不同参数对翼型气动特性的影响。基于非结构动网格技术,采用ALE有限体积描述下的二维可压缩非定常N-S方程,计算通量采用Vanleer格式、时空二阶格式,利用Venkatakrishnan限制器抑制数值振荡。非定常计算结果表明,NACA0012翼型绕1/4弦点作周期性俯仰振动的升力系数和俯仰力矩系数结果与实验数据吻合良好,验证了数值方法的准确性;在翼型舵面表面有分离区产生,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数形成滞回环,在亚声速情况下,滞回环幅值较小,进入超声速阶段以后,幅值增大,随着翼型间缝隙宽度逐渐增加,翼型升力系数和俯仰力矩系数与无缝翼型相比逐渐降低。     

某型机风挡加温系统控制规律的数值模拟

风挡电加温系统的控制规律是系统设计的重要部分。采用有限容积法模拟某型机风挡加温系统的控制规律,计算飞行包线下的温度和电加热功率的瞬时变化情况,分析在不同的天气条件下温度和加热功率瞬态变化的差异,得到实际情况下系统的工作规律。结果表明:由于玻璃具有热惯性,系统加温达到稳定状态后,基本上在较低的功率水平工作;外表面和导热膜的温度受外界环境影响较大,内表面的温度在加热过程中总体呈现增加趋势;设计时控制规律还可不断优化,以使系统具有更好的加热效率。该研究结果可为风挡加温系统的设计提供参考。