基于RANS/LES混合方法的分离流动模拟

飞行器在大迎角、快速俯仰机动时,流场中含有大尺度、非定常的涡结构,传统雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型不能准确模拟流场结构,根据国际上相关研究的发展趋势,需要采用混合RANS/大涡模拟（LES）模型来对复杂分离流动进行准确模拟。本文对基于分区混合与湍流尺度混合的双重RANS/LES混合计算模型进行发展与应用。通过典型简化模型的静、动态湍流大分离流动,测试和验证所采用的脱体涡模拟（DES）类方法,重点研究改进的延迟DES （IDDES）模型在动态问题应用中的正确性和有效性,并对所采用的数值模拟方法和相应的计算软件的可靠性、鲁棒性以及精度进行了考核验证。典型算例包括超声速圆柱底部流动、跨声速方腔流动、NACA0015机翼深失速分离涡模拟等。计算表明：发展的IDDES类混合计算模型可有效解决对数层不匹配的问题;对于定态非定常分离流动,DES、DDES、IDDES等模型计算结果差别不大,随着流动的非定常特性增强,IDDES模型的优势逐渐显现;对于动态非定常分离流动,则需要采用IDDES类模型。     

Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application

It is imperative to develop multifunctional erosion and corrosion resistant coatings for compressor blades of aircraft engines in harsh environment. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology has the advances in processing erosion-resistant coatings; however, the performance of PVD coatings to combat corrosion depends on various coating defects. Determining and comparing the corrosion performances of PVD TiN/Ti coating and uncoated TC4 alloy was the main objective of present work. The 960 h salt spray corrosion and 116 h hot corrosion tests were conducted to simulate the grounding and working environments of the aircraft compressors. The corrosion mechanisms due to the coating defects such as pinhole, columnar boundary and large grain were analyzed based on the OM, Confocal microscope, electrochemical measurements, SEM, XRD and EDS results. Owing to the disordered state associated with the columnar boundary and the coating defect, nitrogen could be easily replaced by oxygen in the hot corrosion process, these structures were channels for fast diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, the Gibbs energy changes of Ti oxidation and TiN oxidation were thermodynamically calculated according to the working condition of aircraft compressors, and considerable research effort was focused on mapping out the phase diagram of Ti, TiN and high pressure gases. The findings of this research can provide insights into developing multifunctional coatings for future aircraft engines.     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

石墨填料对浸渗热解-熔融浸渗方法制备的C/SiC复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用石墨树脂浆料浸渍三维针刺碳毡增强体,热解后得到C/C多孔体,并采用反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料.研究了石墨填料对C/C多孔体的结构以及C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响.结果 表明,石墨树脂浆料浸渍时树脂填充束间小孔形成结构致密的亚结构单元,而石墨可以有效填充胎网层等大孔隙,一次浸渍热解后碳产率有效提高.所得...     

碳/碳复合材料表面纳米HAp/壳聚糖生物复合涂层的制备

以声化学法合成的纳米羟基磷灰石(HAp)为起始原料,以异丙醇作为分散介质,采用水热电泳沉积法在经壳聚糖(CS)溶液改性后的碳/碳复合材料(C/C)表面沉积纳米HAp/CS生物复合涂层.重点研究了水热条件下沉积电压对复合涂层的晶相组成、形貌和结构的影响规律.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对所制备的涂层进行表征.结果表明:随着沉积电压的升高,涂层更加致密和均匀;同时水热环境有利于纳米HAp晶粒的生长,制备出的HAp/CS复合涂层不需要后续热处理.     

大型飞机迎角/过载限制器设计

根据典型大型飞机迎角/过载限制器的特点,提出了两种采用积分控制来减小静态误差的大型飞机迎角/过载保护方法,即最大值切换逻辑和加权过渡逻辑方法,深入研究了如何设计迎角/过载限制器参数,探讨了采用以上两种不同方法来进行迎角与过载限制器切换的优劣,系统仿真结果证明了所设计的限制器的有效性。该项研究为我国未来大型飞机如何设计迎角/过载限制器提供了部分理论依据。     

不同碳黑填料含量2D—SiCf／SiC复合材料介电及雷达吸波性能研究

对先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备的含碳黑填料2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料介电以及雷达吸波性能进行研究.研究表明,由于KD-Ⅰ型SiC纤维表面具有连续碳涂层,不能直接用于吸波材料,需通过空气热处理手段将其除去.对纤维表面去碳后制成的不同碳黑填料含量2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料微波介电常数进行测试,结果表明,随碳黑含量增加,复合材料介电常数明显增大,但由于碳黑的高比表面和先驱体溶液粘度的限制,复合材料中碳黑体积分数最大仅能达到7%～8%,介电常数难以继续增大,介电损耗低于0.3,并且介电常数频散效应不理想.对不同碳黑填料含量复合材料反射率进行计算,结果表明,单层复合材料在某一频段内具有较好的吸波性能,但由于复合材料介电常数频散效应较差,宽频吸波性能不理想,采用不同吸收剂含量复合材料层铺工艺可能可以解决吸波性能带宽问题.     

有、无障碍物爆震管起爆过程的CE/SE模拟

用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟有无障碍物情况下爆震管二维爆震波的形成和传播过程,分析爆震波的不同机理,研究在较低能量下,点火区温度、爆震管管径以及障碍物对爆燃-爆震转捩过程(DDT)的影响.控制方程采取无量纲形式,用拓展的隐式梯形法实现刚性源项积分.研究表明,点火能量与点火压力相关,在较低的点火能量下,可以通过提高点火温度、减小爆震管径及加入障碍物加强爆震过程,减小爆燃-爆震转捩过程DDT时间和距离.为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.      

基于Tcl/tk语言的外挂投放并行数值模拟流程集成方案

用Tcl/Tk脚本语言将非结构网格自动生成,欧拉方程并行求解和六自由度运动方程求解等环节集成为一个完整的外挂投放模拟系统,并针对AEDC弹翼分离算例,模拟并预测了外挂投放的流场和导弹投放后的弹道轨迹。数值试验结果证明了此集成方案的可行性。     

压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统的研究及验证

以某型无人机机翼盒段试验件为对象,进行了压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统的研究。自主研发了国内首台集成压电多通道扫查系统,可实现多达552个激励 传感通道的损伤自动扫查,并同光纤光栅解调系统组合,自行开发了集成健康监测系统软件,构成了压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统。基于该系统进行了大型碳纤维复合材料盒段试验件弯扭强度实验过程中的结构健康监测功能验证研究,监测结构尺寸达4000 m×1200 m×0.265 m,监测对象包括结构的应变场分布及抽钉失效。系统监测了全盒段上下壁板共34点的应变场分布情况,应变场监测准确;监测系统不仅对结构抽钉的缺失实现了准确监测,而且可以分辨所实验结构的4种抽钉缺失程度。