白车身轻量化设计分析

针对某轿车减重的项目要求,利用有限元灵敏度优化分析技术,基于经试验验证后的有限元模态分析模型建立灵敏度优化分析模型,用MSC．Nastran求解得到灵敏度矩阵和设计变量的迭代历史过程。结合灵敏度分析对基础模型减重,并对减重后的模型进行刚度、碰撞等相关性能的验证,完成轻量化分析研究。     

飞船返回舱红外跟踪

提出一种联合大底检测的改进的Mean-Shift（均值移位）算法,将其应用于返回舱红外跟踪。新算法采用非均匀量化加权直方图构造目标特征矢量,以提高目标描述的准确性。为避免跟踪到大底上去,使用＂滑窗式＂大底检测算法实时修正Mean-Shift跟踪坐标。通过对飞船返回实况判读验证,提出的新算法处理速度达到20帧/s以上,并且能够可靠和准确地跟踪返回舱。     

基于优化理论的GPS定位解算算法

针对传统定位解算方法存在的问题,基于优化理论的思想提出了一种新的定位解算方法——基于优化理论的最大后验估计算法.介绍了该方法的基本原理,详细给出了算法的推导过程,该方法用优化理论的思路求解系统状态量的最大后验概率估计值.它是从系统状态量、观测量的联合概率密度函数出发,将估计问题转化成优化问题,用优化问题的解法对系统的状态进行估计.在此基础上,用仿真实验验证了该方法进行定位解算的有效性.实验结果表明该方法完全解决了定位解算中的非线性问题,并拥有较高的定位精度.     

导航卫星原子钟舱温度控制方法及其验证

原子钟是导航卫星的重要组成部分,可为卫星系统提供高准确及高稳定度的时间频率源.原子钟工作性能与环境温度变化密切相关,为保证其在轨连续、稳定运行,热控系统需为其提供良好的工作温度环境.本文以某导航卫星原子钟舱温度控制为研究内容,给出原子钟舱热控设计方案、控制算法,并进行仿真分析和试验验证.在轨遥测数据表明,卫星原子钟舱热控方案和控制算法设计合理,仿真分析及试验结果有效,各原子钟在轨工作温度满足要求,原子钟温度稳定度满足并优于设计指标近一个数量级.     

Advances of Microgravity Sciences

Advances of microgravity sciences in China are introduced. The research works include ground-based study and space experiments. In the recent years, the main means still are theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, ground-based experiment, and short-time microgravity experiments of drop tower. Besides, many space experiment projects are arranged. SJ-10 recoverable satellite will carry out 19 scientific experiment projects. Nine of them are for microgravity Sciences. The other ways for space microgravity experiment are with the help of Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, Chinese Tiangong space laboratory, and Chinese space station in the near future. The Chinese space station will become main platform of Chinese microgravity sciences experiment in space.      

离子发动机羽流特性的数值模拟

离子发动机羽流中产生的交换电荷(CEX)离子返流会影响航天器的正常工作.建立离子发动机羽流模型,采用单元内粒子方法(PIC)对羽流场进行数值模拟计算.结合DS-1探测器飞行实验的测量结果,分析了卫星电势、电子温度、卫星几何尺寸、推力器工作特性等对相关因素对CEX离子返流特性的影响.结果表明:从推力器出口附近到卫星背面,CEX离子密度为108~1012m-3.当卫星电势从-15V变化到27V,测量点位置处CEX离子密度从0.65×1012m-3变化到1.5×1012m-3.羽流中CEX离子密度和电势结构随电子温度变化不大,但电势大小随电子温度成比例地变化.同一位置处不同工况下CEX离子的密度可根据CEX离子生成率与工作点参数间的关系式准确地估计.卫星安装推力器的表面起着对CEX离子返流屏蔽和降低的作用.      

地面效应中前飞旋翼的自由尾迹计算

发展了一种自由尾迹模型,用于对地面效应状态下的旋翼前飞流场进行数值模拟,并求解该状态下的旋翼气动特性.为了扩大模型的适用范围,使用了面元法模拟地面对流场的影响.为提高尾迹迭代的收敛性和精度,在计算模型中引入了地下尾迹等比例修正、环式地面面元分布等改进措施.结果显示:前进比增加,地面附近的旋翼流场由环流模式转变为地面涡模式.在前飞速度很小时出现的环流,对旋翼前缘的轴向下洗速度影响十分强烈,导致此时出现随前进比增加,旋翼拉力减小、需用功率几乎不变的特殊现象.将得到的旋翼气动特性参数随前进比变化情况同实验值进行了对比,证实了新构建模型的准确性.      

高职院校商务英语专业学生顶岗实习管理模式实践探索——以长沙航空职业技术学院为例

学生顶岗实习是高职院校高技能型人才培养和实践教学的关键环节。基于长沙航空职业技术学院商务英语专业学生顶岗实习的现状,通过反思顶岗实习中出现的诸多问题,探索和建制了我院该专业的学生顶岗实习管理新模式。     

高职院校学生财商现状及财商培养必要性探析

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,国民手中的财富以及可支配的收入越来越多,而与此不相称的是,我国国民对于财富如何积累、如何投资、如何花费却没有形成较为系统的、科学的认知。高职院校学生年纪较小,从小到大都几乎没有接受过财商教育的培养,因而在进入学校独立生活之后,在理财、消费的过程中会出现种种问题。在这样的背景下,财商培养就显得更为重要。在高职院校开展财商培养,能够帮助学生形成正确的财富观,让学生能够正确对待金钱：教授学生一定的理财知识,提升学生综合素质和理财能力;能够帮助学生树立正确的消费伦理观．指导学生的消费行为。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.