直升机在风切变气流场中的响应特性

为了研究直升机在风切变气流场中的响应特性,基于相关文献,建立了风切变工程化模型。根据旋翼的非均匀入流模型,建立了直升机非线性动力学模型,并利用四阶龙格—库塔法,对某型直升机在风切变场中的飞行特性进行了数值仿真。研究结果表明:样机进入风切变场后,飞行姿态立即出现俯仰震荡、左右摇摆的现象,10 s内,侧倾角的峰值差最大达到了73.14°,直升机下坠的高度为53.19 m,偏航距离为93.79 m。     

Precise output loads control of load-diffusion components with topology optimization

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel topology optimization approach to control precisely the output loads under static loads and harmonic excitations. We introduce the Artificial Bar Element (ABE) at the designated output positions, where the output loads are equivalently measured and constrained with the nodal displacements of ABE. Optimization model is then formulated considering the output load constraints as well as the minimization of strain energy and dynamic displacement responses respectively under the static and dynamic conditions. The influences of the ABEs stiffness, different material usages of the design domain, widths of the output loads constraint intervals and variation ratios of output loads are discussed in detail. The proposed method is verified with several numerical examples with clear and reasonable load transfer paths.     

A new structural reliability analysis method in presence of mixed uncertainty variables

For structures with both random and fuzzy uncertainty, this paper presents a novel method for determining the membership function in fuzzy reliability with the Automatic Updating Extreme Response Surface (AUERS) method. In the proposed method, fuzzy variables are initially converted into a value domain under the given cut level and the extreme point in the domain where the reliability reaches its extreme value is considered. Second, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the extreme point according to the extreme responses for different sets of random sample inputs. A kriging response surface is subsequently constructed between the random variables and the corresponding extreme points. An automatic updating strategy is then introduced based on the Relative Mean Square Predicted Error (RMSPE) before performing every iteration of reliability analysis. By adding new sample points, the approximate quality of the kriging response surface is improved. Finally, reliability analysis is used to determine the reliability bound under the given cut level. The proposed method assures the accuracy and computation efficiency of the mixed uncertainty reliability analysis results while it prevents the solution from becoming trapped in a local optimum, which occurs in classical optimization methods. Two example analyses are used to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed method.     

Sealing reliability modeling of aviation seal based on interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface

Many variables affect the sealing performance, and their distribution characteristics are difficult to obtain with probabilistic methods owing to the high cost involved. Numerous problems in engineering are similar due to the appearance of small-sample parameters. In this study, the sealing reliability of an aviation seal was defined as the research object, and an interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface were proposed to calculate the sealing reliability.Based on this, we first analyzed the failure mechanism of the aviation seal and established a leakage rate model. Then, based on the non-probabilistic interval model, an interval uncertainty method was proposed to construct the analytical model. With reference to the limit state equation from the structural reliability theory, the multidimensional response surface was used for fast calculation.Then, we chose the single-cylinder gas steering gear used in aircraft as the case study, its sealing reliability in working and non-working statuses were calculated, and the results were verified with the actual maintenance records. By analyzing the sensitivity of some variables, we can improve the sealing reliability of the aviation seal by improving the surface roughness only if the cost allows.Finally, we consider that the method proposed in this study realizes the application of smallsample uncertainty analysis in reliability analysis, and could provide a feasible way to solve the similar problems in engineering with multidimensional and small-sample parameters.     

质量特性对航天器火工冲击传递影响仿真分析

航天器火工冲击环境复杂，冲击载荷的瞬态、高度非线性等特点，使得冲击响应的准确预示具有一定难度。卫星舱板上分布大量单机设备，其质量特性成为影响火工冲击传递的关键因素。根据火工冲击传递机理，建立了卫星舱板与单机设备的冲击有限元简化模型，计算了舱板上的火工冲击响应。通过与试验数据的对比，误差控制在±35dB内，验证了有限元建模的合理性。以此为基础，研究了火工冲击传递特性，为火工冲击响应预示及卫星舱板布局设计提供了参考。     

雷达敌我识别系统干扰方法分析

敌我识别系统在现代战争中具有极为重要的作用。简述了雷达敌我识别的工作原理,讨论了对雷达敌我识别的干扰方法,着重对噪声压制和应答机占据两种方法的干扰效果进行了分析。     

基于左矩阵分式模型的模态参数识别方法

提出一种多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的宽频模态参数识别算法。该方法基于频响函数(FRF)的左矩阵分式模型(LMFD),通过最小二乘法在z域内求解模态参数,避免了s域内矩阵的病态问题。针对左矩阵分式模型的特点,给出了一种通过主分量分析(PCA)建立稳定图的方法。指出了传统的频域多参考点(PRFD)方法与基于左矩阵分式模型识别方法之间的关系。最后采用GARTEUR模型仿真算例与飞机模型的实测算例对所提出的方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法具有良好的识别效果。     

载荷扰动下可倾瓦推力轴承绝热瞬态过程分析

研究了可倾瓦滑动推力轴承在阶跃载荷扰动下的绝热瞬态行为.通过对轴承油膜参数及轴承元件的动力学建模,获得了大载荷扰动工况下可倾瓦推力轴承热瞬态运动参数的非线性响应曲线.由于瞬态分析中大的计算量及油膜力的非线性,计算中采用了Newton-Raphson法对模型进行求解.最终给出了瞬态过程中轴承最高温度、最小膜厚等参数的变化规律.结果表明:如果设计和运行不当,轴承有可能因为瞬态过程中温升过高等原因失效.      

翼刀对双立尾／三角翼立尾抖振的影响

在北航的水槽和风洞中进行了加装翼刀的75°后掠双立尾／三角翼的立尾抖振实验,目的是研究翼刀对立尾抖振的影响。采用了流动显示、立尾表面动态压力测量、激光测立尾顶部加速度的实验来检验翼刀对立尾抖振减缓的效果。流动显示的实验结果表明三角翼前缘涡涡核从翼刀上方经过时,会提前破裂,这在一定程度上减弱了前缘涡。激光测立尾顶部加速度实验的结果表明,在28°到48°这段立尾抖振比较显著的迎角范围内,B1立尾位置的立尾抖振强度曲线比无翼刀的曲线数值上有明显的减小,抖振得到一定的改善。立尾表面动态压力的脉动强度也有明显的减小,频谱分析也能得到前缘涡提前破裂的结论,前缘涡的提前破裂起到了减缓立尾抖振作用。     

飞翼布局翼身融合特性研究

提出了融合度描述方法,通过建立统一的表面面元模型分析计算融合对气动特性和隐身特性的影响。采用响应面方法对基于几何模型的面元法计算结果进行修正,给出了最大升阻比和平均雷达散射截面积与融合度的关系曲线,为气动隐身一体化的翼身融合设计提供依据。