航空发动机涡轮部件断裂分析

某航空发动机使用中出现多级涡轮叶片和放气活门随动杆断裂故障,通过现场勘查、断口分析、金相检查和机理分析等手段,确定各断裂件的断裂模式,最终确认放气活门随动杆疲劳断裂是导致涡轮部件超温断裂的主要原因。并在此基础上,对相关工作提出建议。     

复合材料旋翼桨叶的结构优化与振动控制

 本文总结了复合材料旋翼浆叶结构动力优化设计的研究工作。运用有限元分析和数值优化技术,优化浆叶的质量和刚度布置,改善浆叶结构固有频率分布和动力特性,达到浆叶设计中的调频、减振和降低重量的目的,部分地实现了旋翼浆叶的计算机辅助设计。实例计算了“BO—105”和海豚两种复合材料旋翼浆叶。     

基于显微组织演变的涡轮叶片损伤分析

涡轮叶片作为航空发动机和燃气轮机重要的热端部件,在复杂温度场、应力场及氧化腐蚀等环境下工作,面临多种损伤失效风险。为了阐明涡轮叶片涂层损伤模式,总结了现阶段涡轮叶片涂层工艺、特点及其显微组织构成。在结合叶片材料热力耦合试验中相的演变规律研究成果基础上,对服役不同时间和类型的涡轮叶片基体和涂层系统的显微组织进行分析,并与原始组织对比;确定了各种服役组织损伤形式,主要包括涂层系统退化、原始缺陷导致的裂纹扩展、过热损伤及γ′相的退化等;初步给出了涡轮叶片损伤机理和服役环境评估,提出后期涡轮叶片工程化应开展的研究工作和注意事项,从而实现由服役叶片失效后分析向使用前预防的转变,完善涡轮叶片正向设计体系。     

An approach for machining distortion measurements and evaluation of thin-walled blades with small datum

Inspection techniques for aero-engine blades are a hot topic in industry. Since these blades have a sculptured surface and a small datum, measurement results may deviate from an actual position. There are few proper approaches compensating for non-uniform distribution errors that are within specified tolerance ranges. This study aimed to develop a meshing structure measur-ing approach for the distortion of blades via non-contact optical 3D scanning. A rough measure-ment and a registration procedure are initially adopted to rectify the coordinate system of a blade, which avoids the initial coordinate system errors caused by the small datum. A measurement path with meshing structure is then unfolded on the blade surface. For non-uniform distribution errors, the meshing structure measurement is more visual and clear than the traditional constant height curves method. All measuring points take only 7 min to complete, and the distribution of error is directly and accurately presented by the meshing structure. This study provides a basis for future research on distortion control and error compensation.     

直升机旋翼桨叶气弹优化减振设计方法

从振源着手通过设计参数的最优选择设计直升机旋翼桨叶,使传递到机身的交变载荷最小达到降低振动水平的目的是旋翼桨叶设计思想的进步。本文在简单概述该方法的基础上,以某4桨摆振柔软的无铰复合材料桨叶为研究对象,将其大梁模拟为一单闭室复合材料盒形梁,研究了通过铺层角的优化选择,降低4次/转的桨毂交变力与力矩的情况。数值算例表明方法效果良好。      

Aeroelastic simulation of the first 1.5-stage aeroengine fan at rotating stall

A massive parallel aeroelastic simulation platform has been built to investigate the first 1.5-stage fan of an aeroengine at rotating stall. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled directly by non-matching mesh interfaces. The unsteady rotor/stator interaction is solved by the Sliding Mesh Interface method. The original rotor blades are shrouded by the midspan shrouds. An unshrouded fan is also created to investigate the effects of the midspan shrouds. Both the shrouded fan and unshrouded fan have stable aeroelasticity at the designed state. At rotating stall, the stalled region rotates at 30% of the rotor speed on the absolute reference frame. The energy spectrum of the rotating stalled flow is measured quantitatively. It shows that the first two order excitations are much stronger than the higher order excitations. In the flow of rotating stall, the fifth backward travelling wave mode of shrouded fan is resonated by the fifth excitation of the rotational stalled flow because the rotational speed of the stalled region coincides with the modal rotational speed, while for the unshrouded fan, the first bending mode is resonated by the second excitation of the rotational stalled flow, forming two waves in the circumference of the annulus blades. At rotating stall, the vibration of the shrouded blades is still under control but the vibration of the unshrouded blades is diverged and out of control. A novel tool, i.e., resonance map, is proposed to predict the resonance. It provides a perspective to explain the effects of midspan shrouds at a theoretical level, and it would also be helpful in the structural design of blades.     

Using tandem blades to break loading limit of highly loaded axial compressors

It is confirmed that tandem-blade configurations have potential to enlarge the flow turning in two-dimension(2D) studies. However, the potential of tandem blades to enlarge the design space for highly loaded axial compressors was rarely investigated in open literatures. The present work aims to show the capability of tandem blades to break the loading limit of conventional blades for highly loaded compressors. The 2D models of the maximum static pressure rise derived in previous work were valida...     

带射流冲击的短扰流柱排内流场的实验研究

用五孔针对带射流冲击的单排短扰流柱内的流场作了详细的测量,得到并分析了带射流冲击的短扰流柱排内的速度分布规律及流场内的漩涡分布.在实验中清楚地探测到流动在靠近扰流柱表面附近速度较大,在对称中心区域发现了一大片低速区,并有回流和漩涡产生.实验发现由于端壁效应和扰流柱表面的流动分离造成扰流柱排内有较强的漩涡流动,扰流柱根部有马蹄涡产生,扰流柱后尾迹区有湍流涡的发展,流道内侧向压力分布不均匀可形成通道涡.与无射流情况比较发现扰流柱表面分离点后移,尾迹区明显减小.     

Principle of machining variant with counter curvature blending surfaces torus cutter

基于宽行加工理论和广域曲率吻合原则,提出一种利用圆环面内侧作为刀具工作面的反圆环面刀具宽行加工叶片进排气边的新方法.该方法通过优化刀具摆角使具有定母圆半径刀具工作面的包络面充分逼近叶片进排气边曲面,从而使刀具能在给定的精度范围内以最大行宽和最少刀轨行数加工出进排气边.最后,以某型号发动机叶片的进气边为例进行了加工实验.结果表明该方法能够大幅提高进排气边的加工质量,且反圆环面刀的加工行宽比球头刀提高了5倍.     

航空发动机涡轮叶片工业CT图像降噪方法

在分析航空发动机涡轮叶片工业计算机层析成像(computed tomography,CT)图像自相似性特点基础上,讨论了一种基于图像不同区域相似性的非局部平均降噪算法,首先采用高斯加权欧式距离算子计算同一图像中不同区域间的相似性,然后对具有较强相似性的区域进行叠加平均,从而降低噪声,同时保持图像边缘的对比度.针对非局部平均算法计算复杂度高、计算量大的问题,研究了一种基于傅里叶变换的非局部平均降噪加速算法,以欧式距离算子替代高斯加权欧式算子提高相似性的计算效率,减少计算时间.实验结果表明,在保证航空发动机涡轮叶片工业CT图像降噪效果的情况下,处理速度提高了4倍以上.