带气膜出流叶片前腔内表面冲击换热数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对不同雷诺数下静止状态涡轮叶片前腔带气膜孔出流的冲击流动与换热特性进行了研究.分析了叶片前缘冲击流动产生的不同涡团对其内表面换热的作用机理.计算结果表明:相同雷诺数下,叶片前缘内表面气膜孔附近的换热强化比高于通道的平均值.随着雷诺数增加,换热强化比有所提高.冲击流动与通道流动耦合而形成的波浪形涡区,极大地扩展了冲击强化换热区域.气膜孔出流的抽吸作用对冲击流产生影响,进一步扩大了冷却空气在前缘内表面的覆盖范围.气膜腔叶根处纵向截面的涡团阻碍了冷气向叶根方向扩展,降低了冷却效率;而横向截面的涡团则促进冷气与壁面热气的掺混,提升了换热效果.      

叶片前缘气膜冷却效率的实验研究

采用放大的半圆柱状表面模拟涡轮叶片前缘的形状,对叶片前缘多排圆柱形孔的气膜冷却效率进行了实验研究。测出了孔排区及其下游的局部冷却效率。研究了主流雷诺数及平均吹风比对冷却效率及二次流(冷气)出流轨迹的影响。实验参数范围是:主流雷诺数Re=42000～127000,平均吹风比M=0.8～2.0,测量分8个工况进行。      

基于CFD技术的叶片颤振分析

采用CFD技术,引入等叶片间相位角假设,运用非耦合的能量法,研究了典型叶轮机叶片的颤振特性。采用有限体积法求解NS方程,运用SST湍流模型,通过恒定叶间相位角简化叶轮机流场,计算了NASARotor67和STCF4（the Fourth Standard Configuration）的振动叶片的流场特性。计算表明：转子67采用碳钢材料时,在效率峰值的工况下,叶片不会发生颤振;而STCF4在一阶弯曲振动中会出现不稳定;叶间相位角（IBPA）对振动叶片的气动弹性稳定性有明显的影响。     

径向直叶片燃油汽心泵汽心形态数值模拟

为获得燃油汽心泵内气态区域的形成过程及形态的变化规律,基于renormalization group(RNG) k-ε双方程湍流模型与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型,对径向直叶片燃油汽心泵进行了整体三维建模与气液两相定常数值模拟,分析转速、进口节流活门开度、出口压力等因素对燃油汽心泵内气态区域的影响.结果表明:一定转速范围内气态区域随转速增加而扩大;转速不变时出口压力增加会使气态区域范围减小;气态区域扩张至极限位置即叶轮直径外,燃油汽心泵进入不稳定工况.RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型和与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型适用于燃油汽心泵汽心形态的数值模拟.      

航空发动机风扇叶片冰雹撞击仿真

为预估航空发动机风扇转子叶片受到冰雹撞击后的损伤情况,基于PAM-CRASH软件进行冰雹撞击风扇转子叶片仿真。采用SPH方法和带失效应变的弹塑性材料模型建立冰雹数值模型,模拟冰雹撞击铝合金平板过程,仿真结果与试验数据吻合较好。针对冰雹撞击旋转状态风扇转子叶片试验,建立3维风扇转子有限元模型,使用带失效模型的J-C本构模型定义叶片材料性能,采用该冰雹模型对试验过程进行仿真,获得的冰雹撞击过程和叶片损伤与试验结果基本相同,叶片凹陷深度误差小于10%。仿真与试验结果对比表明:风扇叶片冰雹撞击仿真方法能够预估叶片被冰雹撞击后的损伤情况,可用于叶片抗冰雹撞击设计与评估。     

轴向前倾叶片流场的数值分析

对一种新式的风机叶片即轴向前倾叶片流场进行数值计算, 采用时间推进法计算无粘流场, 采用非正交曲线坐标系附面层积分方程求解附面层参数, 得到了一些有意义的结果。      

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.     

基于面轮廓的叶片磨削过程误差监控方法研究

针对航空发动机叶片形状复杂,传统的线轮廓统计控制方法(SPC)难以保证其整体精度的问题,本文基于面轮廓控制图,建立了叶片磨削过程误差监控模型.针对叶片型面特征,采用波纹度参数进行精度监控.建立了测量点到理论型面曲面的最短距离模型,并基于粒子群算法给出了距离求解算法;基于最短距离,构建了基于指数加权移动平均的面轮廓控制图(Exponentially Weighted Moving-Average,EWMA),并通过蒙特卡罗仿真方法给出了控制图上下控制限计算方法.最后通过基于仿真数据的模型验证,表明了该模型的有效性.     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法与实现

航空发动机叶片长期工作在高温、高压和高速的环境下,极易出现损伤。但是,损伤叶片的再制造修复技术一直被国外垄断,国内航空公司不得不花费大量的资金和时间将受损叶片送往国外维修。针对此问题,提出一种航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法。首先,对损伤叶片进行失效特征分析,评价修复可行性;其次,获取并处理叶片点云数据,提取叶片截面的边界曲线,重建叶片数字化模型,通过布尔运算得到加工目标模型;再次,采用激光熔覆和自适应加工方法,对损伤叶片进行再制造修复;最后,分别对叶片三维数字化模型与实物进行精度检测和误差分析。结果表明,利用该方法建立的叶片数字化模型具有较好的精度和光顺性,再制造修复误差满足发动机维修手册的要求。