机器人动作规划的新方法

机器人动作规划是智能机器人控制系统的一个特别重要而又十分复杂的研究课题，本文在对机器人动作规划进行问题描述的基础上，通过应用解释学习来获取搜索策略，为其提出了一种新的方法，仿真结果表明，该方法是可行且有效的。     

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF REDUNDANT ROBOTS WITH LOCAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

SupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaRedundantrobotsprovideflexibilityinavarietyoftasks.Methedsusedtodevelopthere-dundancycontrolarewellknown[1~4J-Inthesemethods,kinematicflexibilityisensuredwhiledynamicperformanceisbeingimproved.Itisverydifficult,however,toimplementoptimalredundancycontrolthatsimultaneouslyincludesbothkinematicsanddynamics(dual-optimiza-tion)forrobotmechanismsthathavebeenpreviouslydeveloped.Inthefollowingsections,aredundantrobotmechanismhavinglocaldegreesof…     

多空间机器人协同工作空间的数值求解方法

针对未来在轨服务过程中,可能遇到单个空间机器人难以独立胜任的应用场景,需要多个空间机器人协同操作,但目前针对多空间机器人协同工作空间的研究很少。考虑到解析法计算工作空间难度很大,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的一般协同工作空间数值求解方法。再进一步针对空间机器人协同的特殊性,提出了广义协同工作空间的概念,并给出了数值求解方法。仿真结果表明,基座姿态约束会引起协同工作空间的缩小,同时广义协同工作空间的范围明显大于一般协同工作空间。所得结论可以为空间机器人任务设计与规划提供参考。     

Rapid deployment and continuous shape maintenance of tethered-space net robot based on single-pulse action

The tethered-space net robot is one of new technologies for capturing space debris. Rapid deployment and continuous shape maintenance of the tethered-space net robot system are essential in capturing space debris. A single-pulse rotation deployment strategy of the tethered-net robot system is proposed in this paper. The rapid deployment and continuous shape maintenance of the tethered-net are investigated through dimensional analysis, numerical simulation, and regression analysis. Results reveal that the single-pulse rotation deployment strategy can fully deploy the net and maintain the net-shape without any closed-loop controller, and it dramatically increases the effective deployment distance of the net. The parameter sensitivity analyses provide a reference for the rapid deployment and continuous shape maintenance of the tethered-space net robot system.     

Workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization of coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robots for on-orbit services

The use of space robots (SRs) for on-orbit services (OOSs) has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, the space unstructured environment (i.e.: confined spaces, multiple obstacles, and strong radiation interference) has greatly restricted the application of SRs. The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot (CAP-MCDSR) has the characteristics of slim body, flexible movement, and electromechanical separation, which is very suitable for extreme space environments. However, the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging, due to the complex coupling among the active cables, passive cables, joints, and the end-effector. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a workspace, stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs. Firstly, the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint, cables and the end-effector are established. Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics, the improved coupled active–passive (CAP) dynamic equation is derived. Then, the maximum workspace, the maximum stiffness, and the minimum cable tension are resolved, among them, the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable. Furthermore, the workspace, the stiffness, and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method (NOPM). Finally, an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods. The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications, such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR, or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.     

基于单目视觉的机器人避障方法研究

避障问题一直是机器人领域研究的热点和重点。设计一种基于单目视觉的避障系统,能够同时检测机器人正前方和两侧的障碍物,且对低纹理障碍物同样具有效果。该系统采用特征尺度检测器完成机器人视野正前方障碍物的检测,对于视野两侧的障碍物运用光流平衡策略进行规避,而对于低纹理的障碍物则利用图像熵的方法进行检测。整个系统在地面移动机器人上进行了测试,实验结果表明,该方法能在复杂的环境下可靠地完成机器人的避障任务。     

刚柔混合双臂空间机器人抓持－操作协同规划

针对狭小空间内的在轨维修操作,提出了一种基于受限空间可操作度优化的刚柔混合双臂协调轨迹规划方法。根据绳驱柔性臂的结构特性对其进行运动学等效,并完成了刚柔混合双臂等效运动学模型的建立,得到基座漂浮状态下的广义雅可比矩阵以及对应的零空间投影矩阵。以任务操作方向上的可操作度为优化指标,通过零空间投影矩阵建立优化函数方程;同时基于分解运动速度控制,通过广义雅可比矩阵实现末端速度空间到关节速度空间的映射,实现了混合双臂抓持-操作目标的同步运动控制。最后,开发了基于联合仿真软件的混合双臂联合仿真系统,仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性。     

基于UMAC的爬行机器人制孔设备控制系统的设计

介绍了UMAC控制系统的特性,根据爬行机器人制孔设备的结构特点与工艺需求,设计了一套基于UMAC多轴运动控制器的控制系统,阐述了UMAC多轴控制器的硬件系统搭建与软件设计方法,分析了UMAC PID伺服调整中常见的参数设定问题,并给出解决方法。     

蛇形臂机器人在航空制造业中的应用

对于结构复杂、布局紧凑的飞机零部件,其装配、检测以及清理的工作空间非常有限,人工操作难度高、劳动强度大、效率低。常规的工业机器人由于关节尺寸的限制无法在狭小空间内完成这类作业。蛇形臂机器人具有长径比大、自由度多,运动灵活以及环境适应能力强等优点,在航空制造领域具有广泛的应用前景。通过总结蛇形臂机器人的国内外研究现状,对蛇形臂机器人在航空制造业中的应用进行了探讨,并提炼出了相应的关键技术。     

适于多自由度自适应机械人的可自现冗余的控制结构

多自由度机器人在未知或动态环境中的动作控制一般都采取混联方案。这种方案由数个自适应控制器构成,而发现这些服务于子任务的子控制器是否存在冗余是非常重要的。本文提出一种能够自动地发现自身冗余的子自适应控制器,并给出了初步的仿真结果,以证明该方案的有效性。