国内外典型航天特因环境选拔训练设备及其应用

以航天特因环境选拔训练设备为平台,在地面模拟的航天特殊因素环境中通过试验来选拔和训练航天员,是提高航天员对这些环境的适应能力和耐受能力的一种非常有效的方法。本文对国内外典型航天特因环境选拔训练设备及其应用进行综述。     

高精度高动态星模拟器研究

给出了高精度高动态星模拟器系统组成和总体结构, 提出一种基于亚像素显示技术提高动态星模拟器星点位置显示精度从而减小星点几何中心与能量中心位置偏差的新方法. 针对动态星模拟器高动态性要求, 提出一种快速精确检索全天球导航星的新方法, 将已知SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) 星表进行分区, 计算当前姿态四元数并分析航天器视轴所在区域, 对于距离视轴较远区域停止搜索和匹配, 很大程度上缩小了导航星搜索范围, 进而缩短了全天球恒星遍历所需时间. 软件测试结果表明, 此快速检索法可使全天球导航星的选取速度提高近10倍.     

Nonlinear Interactions between the Quasi 5-day Wave and Tides Based on Meteor Radar Observations at Mauiormalsize

Nonlinear interactions between the quasi 5-day wave and tides based on meteor radar observation in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) at Maui are studied in this paper. Strong sum interaction between quasi 5-day wave and diurnal tide, and evident difference interaction between quasi 5-day wave and semidiurnal tide are observed during the time of attention. However, their difference and sum counterparts are clearly weaker. The secondary waves generated from those interactions beat with the tide and show intense modulation at the period of 5 days which confirms the existence of their interactions. Additionally, correlation coefficients among these waves are calculated to further explore their interactions and find that they can persist for several days although they are highly intermittent. The energy exchange among these waves can be reversible during the observational time. The periods when the significant difference interaction between the quasi 5-day wave and semidiurnal tide occur are much shorter than those when the significant sum interaction between the quasi 5-day wave and diurnal tide occur. Moreover, these two strong interactions can take place simultaneously. In generally, this study provides the proof of nonlinear interactions between quasi 5-day wave and tides which were seldom reported before.     

Design of Optical and Mechanical Structure for Lunar Simulator Based on Variable Shape and Adjustable Radiance

To simulate the different lunar phases and ensure continuous adjustability of the radiant brightness, a new broad spectrum light and frosted glass were applied and designed in the optical system for lunar simulator with the shapes and radiance being able to be adjusted. According to the engineering demand and index requirements of the optical system, three major design aspects are addressed, including the high reliability and maintainability for broad-spectrum light, heat dissipation in lunar simulator for long working hours, and bearing of the main frame under different working conditions. By designing a reasonable machine structure, and through the structure itself with the matrix arrangement of 48 axial flow fans, an effectively cooling air duct is established. Deformation and temperature were calculated by the finite element software ANSYS. The results showed that the displacement deformation reached 0.33mm and stress deformation reached 0.02MPa at the temperature of 20℃; when the main frame was in the temperature field between 20℃ and 65℃, the maximum displacement deformation reached 13.30mm and maximum stress deformation is 97.90MPa, and the amount of this deformation is very small in considering of the mechanical structure dimensions and weight of the lunar simulator.     

外加剂对聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的早期抗裂性影响

采用平板限制收缩试验法,研究了减水剂与膨胀剂及其复合技术对聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性大小顺序为:UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与萘系减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞纤维增强高性能混凝土.因此,采用UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂的复合外加剂技术和聚丙烯纤维增强技术是防止高性能混凝土发生塑性收缩开裂的比较理想的技术措施.     

姿态角幅值约束下的太阳帆Lissajous轨道保持控制

太阳帆航天器以两姿态角作为轨道控制输入时, 其轨道动力学方程具有非仿射非线性特性. 通过人工平动点处线性化获得的线性系统可完成太阳帆航天器轨道保持控制器的分析与设计. 由于线性近似模型为有误差模型, 存在近似有效范围约束, 表现为轨道高度约束和姿态角幅值约束. 本文研究了姿态角幅值约束对线性近似模型有效性的影响, 通过计算给出满足近似误差要求的姿态角幅值约束. 当控制输入存在幅值约束时, 控制器轨道修正能力受到束缚. 通过研究姿态角幅值约束下的最大允许入轨误差, 设计了最大允许入轨误差下线性二次型调节器(LQR)用于轨道保持控制, 并将控制器应用于太阳帆日地三体系统非线性模型中, 实现了日地人工L₁点Lissajous轨道最大允许入轨误差的控制收敛和良好精度下的轨道保持控制.     

空间惯性定向姿态卫星数传链路设计

对于采用空间惯性定向姿态的卫星,其在数传设备工作期间不能保证固定安装在星体上的发射天线波束准确指向地面站,这给有效载荷高速数传提出更高技术要求. 研究了这类卫星在轨运行时其姿态相对地面站的变化规律,利用STK软件提供的卫星轨道仿真分析结果,寻找数传天线波束中心轴的较好指向,得到不同天线波束宽度能够实现的卫星对地数传时间. 通过研制140°波束范围内0dBi增益天线,在链路设计上保证了传输速率85Mbit·s^-1时有足够的余量. 在星载设备小型化约束（质量10kg、功耗80W）条件下,采用小型化宽波束天线以及固态功放解决了空间惯性定向姿态卫星的有效载荷数据传输问题,设计方案满足相关任务要求.     

职业院校学生异性交往问题与策略研究——以航海专业男生班为例

以航海专业男生班为实例,从人性角度,运用心理学方法,着重分析其缺少异性交往所出现的问题,探讨引导航海专业男生在异性交往中健康成长的方法与途径,给学校教育管理者在正确对待和引导学生异性交往,提高科学化、人性化教育管理水平方面提供一定的参考。     

超大口径环形天线包带展开过程动力学仿真

中间柔性包带是环形可展开天线的重要组成部分.中间包带拔销器解锁后,复材包带与环形桁架同步展开.因复材包带柔性较强,它会绕根部固定端进行回弹,因此展开过程存在金属接头和桁架上复材薄壁管件碰撞风险.随着天线口径增大,该风险会持续增大.基于柔性多体动力学理论对超大型口径环形可展开天线包带展开过程进行动力学建模仿真,并在此基础...     

钢板焊接接线盒代替普通铸铁接线盒的应用

采用B——5．0～10．0／Q235—A的钢板焊接接线盒具有生产制造简单，生产周期短，对工人技术要求不高的优点，且能满足使用要求，具有良好的经济效益。本文就钢板焊接接线盒的结构、生产制造和工艺性能和铸铁接线盒比较进行了探索和分析。