基于工作过程的航空维修工程实习的改革*

在定位分析航空维修工程专业所面向的岗位、工作任务以及完成任务所要求具备的职业能力的基础上,研究运用基于工作过程的实践教学方法进行教学内容和方法设计的改革,构建并优化了案例库。实践表明,该教学改革可充分发挥学生的主体作用,提高了学生实践技能,增强了学生的工程意识。     

由转速判断涡轮盘行波谐振

为找出液体火箭发动机涡轮盘疲劳裂纹故障产生的原因,对包含燃气在冲击式涡轮腔内形成的旋转激励与盘行波模态耦合谐振在内的盘的各种可能的耦合谐振进行了分析研究。在其它耦合谐振的可能性被排除后,将前者作为研究重点,并给出发生此种行波谐振的危险耦合转速范围计算公式。对某发动机大量热试转速数据作了分析,给出判断此类耦合谐振的判断依据。     

六自由度激励台精密高刚度铰链结构设计与试验应用

精密高刚度铰链作为六自由度并联激励平台中的关键组件,其性能高低对激励台的控制精度有直接影响。针对铰链所需满足的高刚度、高基频和无间隙等要求,文章提出了基于虎克铰结构的铰链设计方法。首先根据铰链所处的工况确定选用圆锥滚子轴承作为旋转支撑部件,并通过对轴承的配置和预紧实现无间隙振动运动的要求,从而确定了铰链结构形式。然后,利用有限元法校核了结构的刚度与基频,进而完成铰链结构方案和样机制造,并将样机集成于激励台中。最后,开展了铰链动态特性试验和激励台振动控制试验,分别获取了铰链的基频和激励台控制响应。结果表明,铰链可满足激励台工作频段内的使用要求,铰链设计合理。     

卫星产品声振组合试验技术研究

文章开展了声振组合试验技术的初步研究,探讨了卫星产品声振组合试验的控制方法,并以面积质量比大的卫星舱板产品为例研究了噪声与随机振动组合试验条件确定方法。结果表明:在进行噪声与正弦振动组合试验时,应先启动振动试验控制,后启动噪声试验控制,且正弦振动控制应采用滤波处理;在进行噪声与随机振动组合试验时,噪声激励与随机振动激励正常启动后,相互之间影响很小,可以按照要求的条件施加激励;对于面积质量比大的卫星产品,在结构上同时施加随机振动载荷和噪声载荷,声振组合试验考核更加合理。     

飞行振动环境随机试验模拟的载荷等效

研究飞行振动环境载荷地面试验模拟的等效性问题。基于模态质量的振型叠加方法应用于结构随机振动的响应分析,导出了随机振动载荷等效的一般表达式。针对小阻尼稀疏模态结构,得出了随机振动载荷等效的一种工程设计方法,并通过数值模拟验证了方法的可行性。     

基于数据库技术的故障诊断知识库管理系统设计

为解决传统大型复杂系统故障诊断专家系统中存在的知识库庞大、难于维护管理的问题,结合数据库技术设计了一套基于Windows平台的知识表示和知识库管理系统。该系统充分利用了数据库技术,实现了对知识库中知识的存储、添加、删除、修改和查询以及编辑过程中的一致性、完备性和冗余性要求,通过将该系统应用到运载火箭测试发射中的故障诊断专家系统中,一定程度上实现了知识处理的自动化,为运载火箭故障诊断专家系统的开发和运用奠定了重要基础。     

构建廊坊市政府新型服务管理体系——知识管理

本文试着以廊坊市政府知识管理体系建设为切入点,作为打开市政府知识管理大门的钥匙,在发展完善知识管理理论体系、开拓知识库应用领域的同时,对促进政府适应知识经济发展、向知识型政府转变有一定的启发和指导作用。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

超声速条件下多体干扰与分离试验研究

采用根据国外公开文献设计的类CAV模型,在0．6m×0．6m 跨/超声速风洞中开展了多体干扰与分离网格测力试验研究,初步获得了典型多体飞行器分离过程中的气动特性变化规律。试验结果表明,载荷模型气动特性受分离位置变化影响非常明显。载荷模型沿轴向分离时,气动力（矩）逐步接近自由流中气动力（矩）值,载荷模型法向位置改变会引发其气动力（矩）值发生更为剧烈的变化。引发这种现象的原因有两个：一是尾迹和头激波的发展改变了不同轴向位置处载荷模型的表面流态,从而影响了其气动特性;二是母机模型底部流动具有明显的非对称膨胀特征,不同法向位置处流速大小和方向差异明显,导致载荷模型气动特性随法向位置变化更为剧烈。     

超精密设备的简谐激励主动消振

某些超精密设备可以简化成一个简单的二自由度振动系统,上质量块起到消振作用,当对下质量块施加简谐激振时,设备主体振动被削弱,若上下质量块重量比选择适当,则设备主体振动可完全消除。