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401.
DF-9型机车及其改型的气动性能试验研究结果表明,机车前部形状是直接影响机车气动阻力大小的重要因素,同时,也影响双层客车的阻力系数。采用裙板等减阻措施,能够取得较好的减阻效果。 相似文献
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分子筛供氧爆炸减压过程的数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
建立了爆炸减压时肺泡氧分压随时间变化的房室数学模型,对于分子筛供氧情况下爆炸减压过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果和实测结果能够很好的符合.分析了飞行高度及供氧浓度对过程的影响.此模型为求解爆炸减压时肺泡氧分压降到临界值的时间提供了一种简单的方法,对高空飞行医务监督和应急供氧装备的设计有实际意义. 相似文献
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通过对比已选装和未选装鲨鳍小翼飞机的燃油消耗率,找出了节油效率和鲨鳍小翼改装成本之间的平衡点,为选装鲨鳍小翼的决策提供技术支持和数据参考。 相似文献
407.
逆向喷流对双锥导弹外形减阻特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
逆向喷流是一种主动流动控制技术,具有减阻降热特性,可用于高超声速飞行器设计。以典型双锥导弹外形的球头、单锥、双锥(全弹)为研究对象,将喷流发生器和弹体固连,采用CFD方法对逆向喷流的减阻特性进行了数值研究,对比分析了喷流马赫数、喷流压比等参数对不同对象减阻效果的影响。结果表明:逆向喷流流场存在长、短射流穿透两种模态;球头在小压比长射流模态时的减阻效果最佳;单锥和双锥在大压比短射流模态时的减阻效果更好。存在一个最佳压比,使得逆向喷流的减阻效果最佳;喷流压力过大,减阻效果变差,甚至出现阻力系数不降反增情形。逆向喷流减阻效果对控制体选取敏感,若将逆向喷流对头部的减阻特性(超过40%)直接推广至飞行器整机(6%左右),评估结果过于乐观。综合最佳减阻效果、最佳喷流压比、流量与所需储气瓶体积等影响因素,工程应用时逆向喷流应优先选用声速喷流。 相似文献
408.
Danil Ivanov Uliana Monakhova Anna Guerman Mikhail Ovchinnikov Dmitry Roldugin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(11):3489-3503
Nanosatellites in the swarm initially move along arbitrary unbounded relative trajectories according to the launch initial conditions. Control algorithms developed in the paper are aimed to achieve the required spatial distribution of satellites in the along-track direction. The paper considers a swarm of 3U CubeSats in LEO, their form-factor is suitable for the aerodynamic control since the ratio of the satellite maximum to minimum cross-section areas is 3. Each satellite is provided with the information about the relative motion of neighboring satellites inside a specified communication area. The paper develops the corresponding decentralized control algorithms using the differential drag force. The required attitude control for each satellite is implemented by the active magnetic attitude control system. A set of decentralized control strategies is proposed taking into account the communicational constraints. The performance of these strategies is studied numerically. The swarm separation effect is demonstrated and investigated. 相似文献
409.
Jhonathan O. Murcia Piñeros Walter Abrahão dos Santos Antônio F.B.A. Prado 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(2):902-918
It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite. 相似文献
410.
近年来,直升机技术表现出跨代发展特征,以总体设计、旋翼系统、传动系统、涡轴发动机、材料和制造技术、航电技术和飞控技术为代表的各技术领域均有较大突破,部分成果已得到应用.同时,高速旋翼机和无人直升机技术领域的发展也呈现出加速态势,在不久的将来将为直升机带来革命性的变革. 相似文献