我国农产品出口跨越绿色壁垒的政策选择

国际贸易中绿色贸易壁垒问题不可回避,农业作为一种弱质产业更容易受其影响。就我国农产品如何突破绿色壁垒、扩大农产品出口提出一些政策选择。     

小型化星载模拟预失真器的研制

基于肖特基二极管(Schottlky Barrier Diode, SBD)的非线性提出一种新型的小型化、低成本的星载模拟线性化器,可以用来改善卫星测控系统中固态功放在饱和功率输出时引起的非线性失真。首先分析了模拟预失真器的工作原理,给出其等效电路模型,然后采用软件设计和仿真了一个新型的小型化星用模拟预失真器,将设计的电路加工制作并测试。结果表明该线性化器与功放级联后,能够有效改善功放在饱和功率输出时的3阶交调约6dB。     

换热系数对热机耦合作用下热障涂层性能的影响

通过有限元计算分析了热机耦合作用下的热障涂层不同的内壁换热系数对涂层系统隔热效果和应力分布的影响,为选择合适的内壁换热系数提供了参考作用.计算结果表明:随着内壁换热系数的增加模型中的温度随之降低,内外壁的温差以非线性曲线的形式增加;在热氧化生成层附近产生了较大的应力,并且主应力值随着换热系数的增加而增大.      

列车风致脉动力下声屏障的动力学性能

基于通用有限元分析软件ANSYS,根据京津城际快速列车客运专线桥梁上声屏障结构的设计方案建立有限元模型,对声屏障结构的固有频率进行了研究并提出声屏障结构的简化计算模型.综合考虑高速列车运行过程中声屏障结构的动力学环境,计算在风压、列车运行过程中产生的空气脉动力等共同作用下的声屏障结构的动态响应,阐述了声屏障结构各组件的振动规律,并提出声屏障结构设计需要考虑的问题.     

高风速下介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励抑制翼-身组合体失速分离的试验研究

在较高风速下研究介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励对翼一身组合体绕流流动的控制效果。结果表明：在来流风速100m／s的情况下,介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励能较好地抑制流动分离,失速迎角推迟约30％,升阻比最大提高80％。研究结果为等离子体流动控制技术的应用奠定重要基础。     

等离子体气动激励抑制机翼失速分离的实验

进行了等离子体气动激励抑制机翼失速分离的风洞实验,研究了等离子体气动激励频率、电压、占空比和激励位置等对流动控制效果的影响.研究表明:在来流速度35m/s时,等离子体气动激励可以有效地抑制机翼大攻角下吸力面的流动分离,将机翼临界失速迎角由17°提高到19°;施加激励后,机翼最大升力系数提高了9.45%,阻力系数减小20.9%;激励频率在200Hz时,控制效果最好,对应的量纲一激励频率为1;迎角越大,流动分离越严重,需要更大的激励电压才能够有效抑制流动分离;最佳激励位置在流动分离起始点的前缘;在流动控制效果相当时,减小占空比可以降低能耗.      

纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励数值仿真

从纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励对流场的作用机理出发,将其对流场的作用等效为热源对流场的快速加热,建立了纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励的空气动力学模型.应用模型计算了单次纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励下静止流场的响应,计算结果表明:纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励可在静止流场中形成一个高温升压升区(716K,225.95kPa)和一个低温升压升区(380K,131.7kPa),分别可诱导一强一弱两道压缩波,压缩波后各有一道稀疏波.压缩波与稀疏波同速向外传播,传播速度开始较大(大于400m/s),随着逐渐向外传播,其传播速度逐渐减小(357m/s).压缩波经过的区域可诱导局部速度,初期诱导的局部速度较大,在激励器切向和法向可诱导60m/s以上的局部速度,随着压缩波的衰减,诱导局部速度的能力减弱,最大可诱导10m/s左右的局部速度.      

Experimental Investigation into Characteristics of Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation Generated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This article carries out synthetic measurements and analysis of the characteristics of the asymmetric surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation.The rotational and vibrational temperatures of an N2 (C3Пu) molecule are measured in terms of the optical emission spectra from the N2 second positive system.A simplified collision-radiation model for N2(C) and N2+(B) is established on the basis of the ratio of emission intensity at 391.4 nm to that at 380.5 nm and the ratio of emission intensity at 371.1 nm to that at 380.5 nm for calculating temporal and spatial averaged electron temperatures and densities.Under one atmosphere pressure,the electron temperature and density are on the order of 1.6 eV and 1011cm-3 respectively.The body force induced by the plasma aerodynamic actuation is on the order of tens of mN while the induced flow velocity is around 1.3m/s.Starting vortex is firstly induced by the actuation;then it develops into a near-wall jet,about 70 mm downstream of the actuator.Unsteady plasma aerodynamic actuation might stimulate more vortexes in the flow field.The induced flow direction by nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation is not parallel,but vertical to the dielectric layer surface.     

Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

Geometrical and electrical optimization of NS-SDBD streamwise plasma heat knife for aircraft anti-icing

Ice accretion on aircraft encountering supercooled water droplets in clouds poses great risks to flight performance and safety. With the aim of optimizing the newly developed streamwise plasma heat knife method for anti-icing, a parametric investigation is carried out in this work. The influence of the detailed voltage profile on the heating effects of a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge driven by Nanosecond Pulses (NS-SDBD) is investigated, and a comparison of the anti-icing performance among different configurations of streamwise plasma heat knife is made. The results show that columnar high-temperature regions produced by a multi-streamer discharge appear at small pulse rise time, but become diffuse as the pulse rise time increases. An optimal pulse rise time exists to provide a wide range and high value of temperature, which is found to be 150 ns for the setup in the present study. The influence of the pulse fall time is much weaker than that of the rise time. The range and value of the temperature decrease with increasing pulse fall time. A greater pulse width is found to improve the heating effect by increasing the discharge power. When a spanwise electrode is placed connecting the streamwise electrodes of the streamwise plasma heat knife at the airfoil leading edge, the anti-icing performance becomes poorer, whereas good performance is achieved when the spanwise electrode is at the edge of the streamwise electrodes. Based on this, a three-level configuration of the plasma heat knife is proposed, and its anti-icing performance is found to be much better than that of the original configuration.