非接触供电旋转超声加工系统负载特性研究

在旋转超声波加工过程中负载的变化会引起振幅衰减,进而造成加工精度和加工效率降低。本文针对非接触供电旋转超声加工系统在加工过程中振幅衰减的问题,首先,通过静态加载实验,获得了负载对超声振子电学参数的影响规律;其后,在此基础上进行了超声振子的非接触能量传输系统的加载实验,得到负载对能量传输特性的影响规律。实验结果表明,超声振子的电学参数受负载力大小、负载力方向和被加工材料特性的共同影响而发生改变,超声振子电参数改变引起了非接触供电超声系统输出功率的改变,进而导致了振幅衰减的问题;本文采用了串联谐振下主边串联电容、副边并联电容的电路补偿方式来减小振幅的衰减。本文的研究成果为解决振幅衰减问题提供了实验依据。     

Cloud attenuation statistics from radiometric measurements over a tropical location Kolkata,India

The objective of this study is to investigate cloud attenuation at 30 GHz frequency using ground-based microwave radiometric observations at a tropical location, Kolkata. At higher frequencies and lower elevation angles, cloud attenuation is of major concern at a tropical location. The location experiences high value of liquid water path (LWP), which is responsible for cloud attenuation, during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and pre-monsoon season. Significant amount of cloud attenuation has been observed during monsoon season at 30 GHz. Two years observations of exceedance probability of cloud attenuation and worst month statistics are presented. The variation of cloud attenuation with frequencies for different elevation angles has also been investigated. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of cloud attenuation are examined. Cloud attenuation, inferred from radiometric measurements before rain commencement, has been compared to rain attenuation at Ku-band. Exceedance probabilities of cloud and rain attenuation have been compared.     

Intrinsic physical relationships between rotor modal shapes and instantaneous vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics: Theoretical and numerical analysis and application

The modal vibration of the rotor is the main cause of excessive vibration of the aero-engine overall structure. To attenuate the vibration of the rotor under different modal shapes from the perspective of energy control, the intrinsic physical relationships between rotor modal shapes and instantaneous vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics is derived from the general equation of motion base on the structural intensity method. A dual-rotor-support-casing coupling model subjected to the rotor unbalanced forces is established by the finite element method in this paper. The transmission, conversion and balance relationships of the vibrational energy flow for the rotors in the first-order bending modal shape, the conical whirling modal shape and the translational modal shape are analyzed, respectively. The results show that the vibrational energy flow transmitted to the structure can be converted into the strain energy, the kinetic energy and the energy dissipated by the damping of the structure. The vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics of rotors with different modal shapes are quite different. Especially for the first-order bending modal shape, the vibrational energy flow and the strain energy are transmitted and converted to each other in the middle part of the rotor shaft, resulting in large deformation at this part. To attenuate this harmful vibration, the influences of grooving on the shaft on the first-order bending vibration are studied from the perspective of transmission control of vibrational energy flow. This study can provide theoretical references and guidance for the vibration attenuation of the rotors in different modal shapes from a more essential perspective.     

富燃料推进剂燃烧产物粒度参数的激光衰减法测量

介绍了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的基本原理.搭建了激光衰减法测量高铝含量富燃料推进剂实验系统,解决了燃烧环境下粒度测试的光学介入问题,对高铝含量富燃料推进剂中粒子参数进行测量,对所得的凝相燃烧产物进行电镜分析,并对电镜照片进行分析处理,计算出燃烧后凝相产物平均粒径,验证了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的可行性和合理性.     

A new landing impact attenuation seat in manned spacecraft biologically-inspired by felids

When manned spacecraft comes back to the earth, it relies on the impact attenuation seat to protect astronauts from injuries during landing phase. Hence, the seat needs to transfer impact load, as small as possible, to the crew. However, there is little room left for traditional seat to improve further. Herein, a new seat system biologically-inspired by felids’ landing is proposed.Firstly, a series of experiments was carried out on cats and tigers, in which they were trained to jump down voluntarily from different heights. Based on the ground reaction forces combined with kinematics, the experiment indicated that felids’ landing after self-initial jump was a multi-step impact attenuation process and the new seat was inspired by this. Then the construction and work process of new seat were redesigned to realize the multi-step impact attenuation. The dynamic response of traditional and new seat is analyzed under the identical conditions and the results show that the new concept seat can significantly weaken the occupant overload in two directions compared with that of traditional seat. As a consequence, the risk of injury evaluated for spinal and head is also lowered, meaning a higher level of protection which is especially beneficial to the debilitated astronaut.     

少烟丁羟推进剂高压性能的实验研究

对少烟丁羟复合推进剂在高压下的燃烧性能，能量特性和微波衰减特性进行了实验研究。研究得出：少烟丁羟复合推进剂在１７－１８ＭＰａ以上压强时存在燃速变现象，但不会引起发动机工作压强失控，而且通过调整弹道良剂可以降低推进剂高压压强指数，少烟丁羟复合推进剂高压少平面实际比冲可以突破２４５２Ｎ．ｓ／ｋｇ；该推进剂的微波衰减强度只相当于普通双基推进剂的水平，比（有烟）丁羟复合推进剂和改性双基推进剂低得多。     

缓冲座椅系统着陆冲击响应的研究与分析

根据返回舱着陆过程中的特点、等效的着陆冲击加速度和缓冲机构的工作原理,建立了缓冲座椅系统的动力学模型。然后给出了座椅上任意点动力响应的计算方法,数值算例验证了缓冲座椅系统建模、计算的正确性。最后分析了着陆速度、输入冲击波形、座椅上测点位置和缓冲机构力学特性不同因素对航天员胸背向、头盆向加速度、座椅缓冲行程的影响及其原因,为提高缓冲座椅的工作性能提供了参考。     

微波在液体火箭发动机真空羽流中的衰减

为研究液体火箭发动机真空羽流对微波的衰减作用,以某双组元液体火箭发动机为对象,使用热力计算程序对燃烧室内的电子数密度进行了计算,使用冻 结假设和有限化学反应速率假设两种情况对喷管内带电粒子的电离和再结合过程进行了模拟,并对羽流中带电粒子数密度和5~30GHz微波穿过羽流的衰减量进行了估算.研究结果显示:该发动机燃烧室和喷管出口的电子数密度量级分别为 1013~1014cm-3和1010~1011cm-3,K,Na等碱金属为主要电子释放剂,Cl-,OH-等基团为主要电子吸收剂;低频微波在羽流中衰减更严重,5GHz微波的衰减可达4.5dB;微波斜穿羽流的衰减通常大于横穿情况.      

多孔径穿孔板控制液雾燃烧不稳定的研究

研究了一种带可调背腔的多孔径穿孔板声阻尼器的吸声特性,并通过声学模型预测了穿孔板的吸声特性。实验研究了偏流穿孔板对液雾燃烧器的燃烧室、气室内波动的动态压力及热释放率的控制效果。多孔径穿孔板存在两种孔径:小孔半径均为1.0 mm,大孔半径分别为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 mm。发现孔径差异过大的穿孔板消声性能不佳。但是大小孔径相近的穿孔板对腔室内的热声振荡有明显衰减效果。安装穿孔板后,燃烧室脉动压力下降59%~84%,放热波动下降47%~87%,同时火焰形态变得稳定。      

星—地路径雨致衰减特性及其对卫星系统设计的可能影响

本文综述了影响星—地路径雨致衰减的主要因素。并利用在北京获得的实测数据,对北京地区星—地雨致衰减的特点进行了分析。此外,还对卫星定点位置的选择和北京上行站选址提出了建议。