平面扩压叶栅最佳弯叶片生成线与叶栅折转角的关系

用优化的方法研究了扩压叶栅最佳弯叶片生成线与叶栅折转角之间的关系,在8个不同叶栅折转角下优化弯叶片生成线的弯角和弯高.积叠线是由两段贝塞尔曲线和一段直线组成,在这种积叠线形式下,相同弯角下弯叶片损失随弯高增大不断减小,弯叶片的最佳弯高为0.5.在相同的叶栅折转角下弯叶片损失随弯角增大先减小后增大,存在最佳弯角使弯叶片总损失最小.随着叶栅折转角增大,弯叶片收益增大.最佳弯角随着叶栅折转角的增加有增大的趋势.在给定计算条件下,最佳弯角与叶栅折转角之间呈类似线性变化规律.      

Reduced order model for unsteady aerodynamic performance of compressor cascade based on recursive RBF

Based on Recursive Radial Basis Function (RRBF) neural network, the Reduced Order Model (ROM) of compressor cascade was established to meet the urgent demand of highly efficient prediction of unsteady aerodynamics performance of turbomachinery. One novel ROM called ASA-RRBF model based on Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) algorithm was developed to enhance the generalization ability of the unsteady ROM. The ROM was verified by predicting the unsteady aerodynamics performance of a highly-loaded compressor cascade. The results show that the RRBF model has higher accuracy in identification of the dimensionless total pressure and dimensionless static pressure of compressor cascade under nonlinear and unsteady conditions, and the model behaves higher stability and computational efficiency. However, for the strong nonlinear characteristics of aerodynamic parameters, the RRBF model presents lower accuracy. Additionally, the RRBF model predicts with a large error in the identification of aerodynamic parameters under linear and unsteady conditions. For ASA-RRBF, by introducing a small-amplitude and high-frequency sinusoidal signal as validation sample, the width of the basis function of the RRBF model is optimized to improve the generalization ability of the ROM under linear unsteady conditions. Besides, this model improves the predicting accuracy of dimensionless static pressure which has strong nonlinear characteristics. The ASA-RRBF model has higher prediction accuracy than RRBF model without significantly increasing the total time consumption. This novel model can predict the linear hysteresis of dimensionless static pressure happened in the harmonic condition, but it cannot accurately predict the beat frequency of dimensionless total pressure.     

进口气流角对三维振荡涡轮叶片非定常流动影响的数值模拟研究

进一步发展了非定常雷诺平均N—S方程求解程序,并基于影响系数法,在三种不同振型下就进口气流角对三维涡轮振荡叶片绕流的影响进行了数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明,所发展的程序对振荡叶栅流动模拟具有较好的精度;进口气流角对振荡叶栅内部非定常流动以及叶片表面的非定常气动力有着较为重要的影响,且在不同模态下,进口气流角对振荡叶片非定常流动的影响规律表现不同。     

稠度和压比对叶栅反推器叶片反推性能的影响

建立了外涵叶栅反推器的轴对称计算模型;给出了内涵计算域的有效处理方法;利用数值模拟手段,研究了叶片稠度、外涵入口压比的变化对反推效率、流量系数等的影响规律;将计算结果与可能得到的试验结果的数据点进行了比较,结果表明计算结果与试验结果吻合,当叶片稠度小于1.59时,增大叶栅稠度可使流量系数和反推效率同时增大,但继续增大稠度,虽可使流量系数略有增大,但由于气流出口转向受到的影响不大,反推效率波动范围不大。     

通道前缘小叶片对轴流压气机叶栅气动性能的影响研究

为了更好地控制压气机静叶角区分离,结合翼刀和涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶栅通道前缘端壁设置小叶片的新型流动控制手段。以某高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同周向位置和安装角的小叶片对流场的影响。结果表明：小叶片存在提升叶栅气动性能的最佳周向位置和安装角范围。在近失速工况附近,小叶片可减缓角区分离,提高全叶高的扩压能力,但会不可避免地增加中间叶高位置处的流动分离和气动载荷;小叶片可减少角区分离损失和尾迹损失,提高各流向位置处的静压系数。小叶片能阻碍马蹄涡压力面分支发展,减缓叶栅前缘附近的横向二次流动。从小叶片叶顶泄漏的诱导涡可将马蹄涡压力面分支推向流向,带走端壁和角区附近的低能流体,从而削弱通道涡强度。     

Application of shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating to visualization of transition and reattachment in compressor cascade

The present paper aims at introducing Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating (SSLCC) technology into compressor cascade measurement for the first time and serves as a basis for better understanding of the influence from the boundary layers. Optical path layout, which is the most significant difficulty in internal flow field measurement, will be solved in this paper by self-designed image acquisition device. Massive experiments with different Mach number and incidence are conducted at a continuous subsonic cascade wind tunnel to capture the boundary layer phenomenon. Image processing methods, such as Three-Dimensional (3-D) reconstruction and Hue conversion, are used to improve the accuracy for transition position detection. The analysis of the color-images indicates that complex flow phenomena including transition, flow separation, and reattachment are captured successfully, and the effect of Mach number and incidence on the boundary layer flow is also discussed. The results show that: the Mach number has a significant effect on transition position; the incidence has little effect on transition position, but it has a great impact on the transition distance and leading-edge separation; influenced by the end-walls, the reattachment occurs in advance under positive angle of attack conditions.     

基于扇形叶栅的畸变流场对压气机静叶气动性能影响研究

随着飞机适航要求的提高，进口畸变对燃气轮机的影响也逐渐被重视起来。而飞行过程中燃气轮机所遇到的进口畸变经过动叶的传递后，往往会严重影响静叶进口气流角分布的均匀性，并恶化静叶的通流能力。为研究气流角畸变对静叶流场的影响，针对带有可调导叶的扇形叶栅，通过单独调整一片导叶角度而其它导叶角度不变的方式制造静叶进口畸变流场，并开展实验与仿真研究，分析该方法制造的畸变流场结构及其对静叶气动特性的影响。研究表明，采用的8号导叶旋转6°而其它导叶角度不变的方法可以改变静叶进口气流角、轴向速度、静压等参数的周向均匀度，实现静叶进口畸变流场。与均匀进口相比，气流角畸变度为3.22，气流角畸变度增加了1.14，并增加了静叶S8吸力面根部下通道涡的损失与影响范围，而对叶顶与中径处的影响相对较小。此外，受畸变流场影响的静叶流道总压恢复系数较均匀条件下略有下降。     

旋转爆轰波与涡轮平面叶栅相互作用数值模拟

由于旋转爆轰燃烧室具有自增压特性，可提高热力循环效率，因此将旋转爆轰燃烧室应用于燃气轮机可进一步提高系统的性能。基于非稳态雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方法，采用剪切应力输运k-ω湍流模型，建立旋转爆轰燃烧室与涡轮平面叶栅耦合计算模型，研究旋转爆轰燃烧室内的复杂波系与涡轮叶片的相互作用，分析涡轮叶栅对高频爆轰压力振荡的抑制作用。结果表明：旋转爆轰燃烧室内的燃气在涡轮叶栅内加速，并且在斜激波后的局部区域马赫数的增加更为明显。斜激波与涡轮静转子叶片的前缘、压力面、吸力面以及尾缘相互作用，由于旋转爆轰波不同的传播方向，使得斜激波与静子叶片呈相互垂直或平行，进而形成两种不同的波系结构。涡轮叶栅对高频压力振荡存在明显的抑制作用，涡轮叶栅上下游高频压力振荡幅值的衰减率达到80%以上。研究结果展示了旋转爆轰波作用下涡轮叶栅内复杂波系结构特征，并对基于爆轰燃烧推进技术的应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

Method for utilizing PIV to investigate high curvature and acceleration boundary layer flows around the compressor blade leading edge

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-developed and contactless technique in experimental fluid mechanics, but the strong velocity gradient and streamline curvature near the wall substantially limits its accuracy improvement. This paper presents a data processing procedure combining conventional PIV and newly developed Mirror Interchange (MI) based Interface-PIV for the measurement of the boundary layer parameter development in the blade leading edge region. The synthetic particle images are used to analyze the measurement errors in the entire procedure. Overall, three types of errors, namely the errors caused by the Window Deformation Iterative Multigrid (WIDIM) algorithm, the discrete data interpolation and integration, and the wall offset uncertainty, comprise the main measurement error. Specifically, the errors due to the discrete data interpolation and integration and the WIDIM algorithm comprise the mean bias, which can be corrected through the error analysis method proposed in the present work. Meanwhile, the errors due to the WIDIM algorithm and the wall offset uncertainty contribute to the measurement uncertainty. Computational fluid dynamics-based synthetic particle flows were generated to verify the newly developed PIV data processing procedure and the corresponding error analysis method. Results showed that the data processing method could improve the accuracy of PIV measurements for boundary layer flows with high curvature and acceleration and even with significant flow separation bubbles. Finally, the data processing method is also applied in a PIV experiment to investigate the boundary layer flows around a compressor blade leading edge, and several credible boundary flow parameters were obtained.     

通道参数对超声速叶栅性能的影响

为了研究喉部面积比、喉部位置及稠度对超声速叶栅最小损失点性能的影响，基于直接控制通道的造型方法获得一系列设计马赫数为1.4且具有不同通道参数的平面叶栅。数值计算与流场分析结果表明：根据叶栅通道内激波系结构的不同可将其划分为启动态叶栅与过渡态叶栅。喉部参数主要通过改变激波系位置影响叶栅性能。启动态叶栅喉部面积比越小、喉部位置越靠前，其最小损失越小、静压比越高；过渡态叶栅则相反。稠度改变时叶栅通道中激波系结构发生变化，大稠度叶栅大多处于启动态，最小损失小且静压比高；小稠度叶栅大多处于过渡态，具有更大的裕度。