Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

三维编织石英纤维热密封材料气密性能研究

引入三维编织石英纤维织物作为热密封材料,对三维四向、三维五向编织结构热密封材料试样进行了不同压缩率下透气性能试验。分析了三维编织结构热密封材料气体渗透量随压缩率、压差及编织工艺参数的变化规律。结果表明,通过优化编织结构,有利于提高试样的气密性能;试样的平均气体渗透量受纤维体积含量影响,随压缩率的增大而降低;在压缩率为10%与20%时,纤维体积含量为50%的三维四向试样相比气密性能更好,平均气体渗透量分别为1.14×10~(-6)、9.29×10~(-7)kg/(s·mm);当压缩率增加到30%时,试样出现明显剪切变形和碎裂,试样失效。通过合理设计,三维编织石英纤维织物可满足密封材料气密性能要求。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

月球无人采样返回探测器一体化热管理方案

针对我国首个月球无人采样返回探测器"嫦娥五号"所面临的散热难题,在调研国外月球采样返回探测器热控方案的基础上,通过论证提出一种"泵驱小型单相流体回路热总线+水升华器"的一体化热管理方案。该方案能够实现"嫦娥五号"着陆器、上升器热量与热沉的综合管理与利用;同时在国内首次将高适应能力主动热控体系结构应用到深空探测航天器中,推动了我国深空探测航天器热控技术的跨越式发展。     

某民用涡扇发动机飞行包线内吸雨量计算分析

分析吸雨对发动机工作性能的影响,首要的是确定能被发动机吸入的雨量。通过综合考虑适航规章要求的大气雨水分布、环境温度、飞行速度、发动机功率和聚集效应对发动机吸雨的影响,结合完整的推力调节计划,计算分析了某民用大涵道比涡扇发动机在不同推力等级下全飞行包线内风扇进口水气比(WAR)。结果表明:在同一马赫数下,风扇进口水气比在6 100m处达到最大;在该高度以下,水气比随着高度的增加而增大;在该高度以上,水气比随着高度的增加而减小;飞行马赫数越大、环境温度越高,水气比也越大;并且标准天空中慢车推力下的风扇进口水气比最大可达到7.38%。该计算方法可为民用涡扇发动机吸雨适航取证的关键点分析提供参考。     

气冷径向稳定器张角对混合扩压器性能影响

针对一种混合扩压器和气冷径向稳定器一体化新型结构,基于N-S方程建立了流场三维数值计算模型,研究了气冷径向稳定器张角变化对混合扩压器流场、流阻特性和混合特性的影响规律.结果表明:随着气冷径向稳定器张角的增大,混合扩压器的静压恢复系数逐渐减小,混合扩压器的流阻系数和压力损失系数均逐渐增大;在混合扩压器出口截面处,随着气冷径向稳定器张角的增大,总压恢复系数逐渐减小,总压恢复系数的最大值与最小值相差0.0032.热混合效率逐渐增大,热混合效率的整体变化范围为0.7268~0.8857.      

喷流落压比对高超飞行器尾喷管内外流干扰的实验

为了研究吸气式高超声速飞行器尾喷流对飞行器尾部区域气动性能的影响,在中国空气动力研究与发展中心05m高超声速风洞中,在来流马赫数为50和60条件下,开展了不同落压比条件下的尾喷流干扰测压实验研究,同时采用高清纹影观测了喷流干扰区域的流场结构。实验结果表明:不同喷流落压比时,飞行器尾部区域表面压力分布差别明显,高落压比时喷流干扰作用的区域更大,压强数值更高。纹影也显示高落压比时交叉干扰激波更强、剪切层扩张更明显。喷流干扰区域已影响到了飞行器水平翼区域的压力分布,将会对飞行器操纵特性产生影响。      

典型阶梯篦齿高转速密封性能试验

在高转速密封试验设备上,进行了实际尺寸阶梯篦齿压比(1.05～28)、相对密封间隙(齿尖密封间隙和齿宽比)(24～40)、泄漏流雷诺数(1900～28000)及旋转速度(0～12000r/min)等对密封性能影响的试验。结果显示:篦齿流量系数随压比变大而上升,随相对密封间隙变大而降低;转速低于5000r/min时,旋转对篦齿流量系数影响不明显,高转速、小压比时,篦齿流量系数随转速的升高而降低,降幅超过301%;较小雷诺数下,篦齿流量系数随雷诺数的减小快速降低,雷诺数超过6000以后,篦齿流量系数受雷诺数的影响不明显;气流通过阶梯篦齿第一道齿的压力损失最小,通过最后一道齿的压力损失最大,通过中间各齿的压力损失相当。基于试验测试数据,修正了典型阶梯篦齿流量系数的求解关系式,修正后的关系式计算值与实测值吻合良好。      

ATM performance measurement in Europe,the US and China

Air traffic management (ATM) performance and the metrics used in its assessment are investigated for the first time across the three largest ATM world regions: Europe, the US and China. The market structure and flow management practices of each region are presented. A wide range of performance data across these three regions is synthesised. For topological and performance assessment, the notion of a 'sufficient' sample is often non-intuitive: many metrics may behave non-monotonically as a function of sampling fraction. Missing and under-developed metrics are identified, and the need for a balance between standardisation and flexibility is proposed. Longitudinal and cross-sectional metric trade-offs are identified.