CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

基于混杂系统模型的航空器4D航迹推测

为实现对未来大流量、高密度、小间隔条件下空域实施管理,4D航迹推测是国内新一代空管自动化系统最为核心的一项技术。首先基于飞行剖面不同飞行阶段的航空器动力学模型,构造了在不同飞行阶段之间转移,而在同一阶段航空器重量、校正空速、高度和距离等状态连续变化的混杂系统模型。通过温度和风速风向修正航空器真空速及地速,利用混杂系统递推法求解航空器4D航迹。实际算例表明,本文提出的混杂系统模型推测得到的水平航迹和垂直剖面能够准确地反映航空器的飞行状态变化,单架航空器4D航迹推测计算时间可以控制在2 s以内。     

某燃气轮机空气雾化喷嘴的试验研究

进行了某型燃机空气雾化喷嘴燃油喷雾特性的试验研究。得到以下结论：在油压不变的情况下,雾化锥角总是随着空气压力的增加有所减小,索特尔平均直径SMD随之迅速减小,整体减小幅度大约在10-30μm;气压不变时,雾化锥角和索特尔平均直径随着油压的增加而稍有增大;当气压为0.3MPa时,索特尔平均直径基本都保持在30μm以内。     

基于Eulerian模型的空中交通流量控制

通过拓展公路交通中常见的Eulerian模型,研究了一种空中交通流量模型。利用线性二次型最优控制理论,对空中交通流量模型进行了分析研究,实现对特定区域内流量进行控制。最后,用Matlab对系统进行了仿真,结果表明,引入最优控制向量的方法改善了流量波动性大的情况,降低了管制员的工作负荷。     

进化算法在航路飞机排序中的应用

讨论了空中交通流量管理中在航路交汇点上的飞机排序问题。利用进化思想建立航路交汇点的数学模型,在遵循飞机尾流间隔要求的情况下,找到更合理的飞机通过航路交汇点的次序。算法采用特殊的进化算子和目标函数,以便能够满足空中交通管制实时性的要求。仿真结果表明,该算法排序效果好、效率高,达到了预期目的。     

基于Agent模型的机场网络延误预测

准确可靠的机场网络航班延误预测是科学认知空中交通运行态势,动态精准实施国家空域系统容流协同调配策略的重要依据。提出了基于Agent的机场网络延误模型,表征机场网络系统中各元素及子系统间的交互作用下的延误特征涌现。针对机场节点动态容量、预计起飞时间、最小飞行与周转时间等Agent模型中的关键参数,适应性选用了贝叶斯估计、模糊k近邻等数据挖掘方法建立参数模型,并采用2015—2017年全美历史航班和气象数据进行训练学习。为综合评价模型性能及泛化能力,选取全美2018年3个不同延误程度的典型日进行测试。实验结果表明,在全美34个核心机场组成的网络中,各节点在4小时预测区间内延误最大误差不过27.9 min,其中约80%的节点误差小于5 min,验证了所提延误预测模型在时空范围内的准确性和稳健性特征。另外,通过与其他模型对比,展示了本模型优良的延误预测性能。     

基于多目标帝国竞争算法的进场排序与调度

为兼顾空管、机场、航司以及民众的不同诉求,提出了基于多目标帝国竞争算法的进场排序与调度方法,达到平衡交通需求与进场管理的目的。首先,借鉴机器调度领域研究成果,梳理与精简进场排序与调度的评价指标,并结合运行约束构建多目标进场排序与调度模型。接着,引入非支配排序,设计多目标帝国竞争算法,给出衡量帕累托解集优劣的评价指标。最后,采用通用数据集与长沙黄花机场实际运行数据实施案例进行仿真与验证。结果表明：提出的多目标帝国竞争算法,相对于带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法以及多目标模拟退火算法而言,解集更占支配地位、分布更均匀、收敛性更好,求解的效率也更高;提出的算法能有效实现进场排序与调度,即便以标准间隔的1.8倍实施仿真,总延误时间、总飞行时间和最大飞行时间,相对于实际运行分别降低了41.2%、11.4%和8.6%。     

Effect of solar activity on the repetitiveness of some meteorological phenomena

In this paper we research the relationship between solar activity and the weather on Earth. This research is based on the assumption that every ejection of magnetic field energy and particles from the Sun (also known as Solar wind) has direct effects on the Earth’s weather. The impact of coronal holes and active regions on cold air advection (cold fronts, precipitation, and temperature decrease on the surface and higher layers) in the Belgrade region (Serbia) was analyzed. Some active regions and coronal holes appear to be in a geo-effective position nearly every 27 days, which is the duration of a solar rotation. A similar period of repetitiveness (27–29 days) of the passage of the cold front, and maximum and minimum temperatures measured at surface and at levels of 850 and 500 hPa were detected. We found that 10–12 days after Solar wind velocity starts significantly increasing, we could expect the passage of a cold front. After eight days, the maximum temperatures in the Belgrade region are measured, and it was found that their minimum values appear after 12–16 days. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs 14 days after Solar wind is observed. A recurring period of nearly 27 days of different phases of development for hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma was found. This analysis confirmed that the intervals of time between two occurrences of some particular meteorological parameter correlate well with Solar wind and A index.     

水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭总体/动力/气动/轨道一体化设计与优化

综合考虑固体火箭发动机设计、带翼火箭气动外形设计、轨道设计和总体特性相互作用相互影响的情况下,建立了水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭总体／动力／气动／轨道一体化设计优化模型和系统分析模型。测试了系统分析软件,应用基于方向的遗传算法优选了某水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭28个设计参数。结果表明,计算结果与工程实际结果吻合较好,优化设计效果明显,优化所得火箭起飞质量是原方案的84．32％。     

ADS与多雷达数据融合中的系统误差配准法

对空中交通管制中自动相关监视(ADS)与现有多雷达监视系统进行数据融合的模型进行了分析,在现有多雷达数据处理(MRDP)系统误差配准方法的基础上设计了一种利用最小平方估计(LSE)准则实现的ADS与雷达的系统误差配准算法,给出了其最优解.利用我国西部航路模拟航路点数据进行了系统仿真,仿真结果的分析表明,通过该方法的配准,ADS和雷达数据融合中的系统误差得到了有效的消除,提高了综合监视精度.