Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions

Monthly average electron density profiles have been calculated from hourly electron density N(h) recorded in 26 digisonde stations distributed worldwide encompassing the time interval 1998–2006. The ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, and the effective scale height at the hmF2, Hm, deduced from average profiles have been analyzed to obtain the quiet-time behavior and have been analytically modeled by the spherical harmonic analysis (SH) technique using the modip latitude as the coordinate of the reference system. The coefficients of the SH models of hmF2 and Hm are bounded to the solar activity, and the temporal and seasonal variations are considered by Fourier expansion of the coefficients. The SH models provide a tool to predict hmF2 and Hm located anywhere in the range of latitudes between of 70°N and 70°S and at any time. The SH analytical model for hmF2 improves the fit to the observations by 10% in average compared to the IRI prediction, and it might improve the IRI prediction of hmF2 by more than 30% at high and low latitudes. The analytical model for Hm predicts the quiet behavior of the effective scale height with accuracy better than 15% in average which enables to obtain a good estimation of vertical profiles. These results could be useful to estimate information for the topside profile formulation.     

基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统

针对实际工程项目需求，分析了消失模铸造的特点，运用ＩＤＥＦ０方法建立了消失模设计活动模型，在此基础上，遵循面向对象方法，利用ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳ信息建模语言建立了基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统的信息模型，并阐述了其系统框架及关键技术。     

燃烧室燃烧与排放特性试验与数值计算

为了探寻燃烧室进口空气温度、压力以及油气比对点熄火边界、温升、燃烧效率以及主要排放物摩尔分数的影响规律， 对航空发动机燃烧室在多工况下的点熄火特性、出口温度分布与主要排放物摩尔分数进行了试验测试。分别采用正癸烷的简化 反应机理与C 12 H 23 燃料的单步反应机理，对该燃烧室火焰筒内流场结构、温度场、中间组分与主要排放物摩尔分数分布特性进行了 数值计算，并与相应试验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：随着燃烧室进口空气温度、压力以及油气比的提高，燃烧室燃烧效率、 温升、出口平均温度与NO X 摩尔分数逐渐提高，而UHC与CO摩尔分数逐渐降低；与采用C 12 H 23 燃料单步反应机理相比，采用正癸 烷的简化反应机理计算得到的火焰筒内流场与温度场分布更为合理，火焰筒出口温度场分布以及主要排放物摩尔分数与相应试 验数据更为接近，计算精度得到较大提高。     

转子叶尖间隙对高负荷压气机性能影响的数值计算和试验验证

为了研究高负荷压气机转子叶尖间隙对压气机性能的影响，采用数值模拟软件NUMECA对某4级压气机和其中的1个 典型级进行了不同间隙的计算。计算结果表明：当间隙超过叶高的0.52%后，叶尖流场出现堵塞，喘点压比衰减速度开始加剧，直 至5.24%性能衰减速度逐渐减弱；在多级环境中，4级压气机间隙增大叶高的0.5%，喘点压比降低了约0.6%～4.3%，间隙增大的叶 排作功能力降低是压气机喘点总压比降低的主要原因，其中前2级间隙增大对总性能影响较大。同时，通过4级压气机试验验证 了间隙对性能的影响，验证结果表明：间隙增大叶高的0.78%后，4级压气机喘点压比和峰值效率分别降低了1.4%和0.4%，在 65%～88%叶高时的压比和效率的性能衰减较为明显。     

SOCIT4 collisional-breakup test data analysis: With shape and materials characterization

In this paper we revisit the 1995 Kaman database of the SOCIT4 fragment characteristics with added analysis of a subset of the cataloged fragments from the test. This database was compiled from the last of a series of four hypervelocity impact tests conducted under a U.S. Department of Defense program in 1991–1992. This test targeted a flight-ready, U.S. Transit navigation satellite, yielding collision fragments in the size regime of sub-millimeter through tens of centimeters. Results in this database were used in the 1998 NASA Standard Breakup Model to represent characteristic length (size) and area-to-mass distributions of fragments smaller than 10 cm.     

Mars Global MHD Predictions of Magnetic Connectivity Between the Dayside Ionosphere and the Magnetospheric Flanks

Atmospheric photoelectrons have been observed well above the ionosphere of Mars by the ASPERA-3 ELS instrument on Mars Express. To systematically interpret these observations, field lines from two global MHD simulations were analyzed for connectivity to the dayside ionosphere (allowing photoelectron escape). It is found that there is a hollow cylinder behind the planet from 1–2 R _M away from the Mars-Sun line that has a high probability of containing magnetic field lines with connectivity to the dayside ionosphere. These results are in complete agreement with the ELS statistics. It is concluded that the high-altitude photoelectrons are the result of direct magnetic connectivity to the dayside at the moment of the measurement, and no extra trapping or bouncing mechanisms are needed to explain the data.     

基于复合优化的航空发动机模型参数估计

本文提出了一种复合优化方法,用于发动机多变量,状态空间模型的时域辨识。优化中粒子群优化算法和最小二乘优化算法按照“串联”方式运行。粒子群优化从一个初始种群出发,通过进化来搜索最优解。然而有些时候,粒子群算法会陷入次优解。那么最小二乘优化算法就可以从粒子群的次优解出发,通过共轭梯度法获得问题的最优解。本方法适用于待估计参数较多,且参数变化范围大的高阶多变量系统。本文将复合优化算法用于4输入4输出状态变量模型参数的估计。仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。     

平板条叶片侵彻靶板的动响应研究

为了研究真实航空发动机机匣的包容性,对平板条叶片以不同初始速度撞击矩形靶板的侵彻机理进行了数值仿真研究。通过分析撞击过程中叶片加速度、速度、位移的变化,了解了与试验相符的撞击、变形、撕裂和失效过程。利用有效的数值模型验证了叶片初始速度与残余速度之间的关系满足Recht-Ipson公式,且工程中常用的破坏势能法可用于初步预测残余速度。     

气气快速预混喷嘴内部结构仿真研究

应用稳态时N—S方程、RNGk-ε湍流模型以及非预混燃烧模型对几种预混喷嘴进行了仿真计算。内部结构分别为无肋片无凹槽式、肋片式、凹槽式及凹槽／肋片组合式。从总压损失和掺混效果2方面进行了比较分析,分析认为：凹槽／肋片组合结构的掺混效果相对较好。研究结果可为快速预混喷嘴试验件设计提供一定参考依据。     

航空发动机滑油泵气塞的预防措施

滑油供油泵气塞是航空发动机滑油系统设计必须解决的问题。基于流体力学的观点,系统地介绍滑油泵气塞形成的原理,详细分析几种典型的发动机滑油防气塞方式,指出了其特点及设计注意事项。