某型燃气轮机涡轮过渡段流场的数值模拟

对某型燃气轮机涡轮过渡流道流场进行数值模拟,得到了与实验结果比较吻合的计算结果。结果表明:过渡段内流动为亚声速流动,沿流道有较大的逆压梯度,整流支板的作用类似于扩压叶栅。该方法与结果为此类过渡流道的设计提供了参考,并为以后的进一步改进和优化打下了坚实的基础。     

Ozone variability related to several SEP events occurring during solar cycle no. 23

Data from geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) series were used to identify intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events occurred during the solar activity cycle no. 23. We retrieved O₃, NO, NO₂, HNO₃, OH, HCl and OHCl profiles coming from different satellite sensors (solar occultation and limb emission) and we looked for the mesospheric/stratospheric response to SEPs at high terrestrial latitudes. The chemistry of the minor atmospheric components is analysed to evaluate the associated odd nitrogen (NO_x) and odd hydrogen (HO_x) production, able to cause short (h) and medium (days) term ozone variations. We investigated the effects of SEPs on the polar atmosphere in three different seasons, i.e., January 2005, April 2002 and July 2000. The inter-hemispheric variability of the ozone, induced by the SEP series of January 2005, has been compared with the effects connected both to larger and quite similar events. We found that during SEP events: (i) solar illumination is the key factor driving SEP-induced effects on the chemistry of the polar atmosphere; (ii) even events with limited particle flux in the range 15–40 MeV are able to change the abundance of the minor constituents in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere.     

A Review on the Ionospheric Research： Chinese Works During 2006-2008

This paper reviews various progresses on the ionospheric studies by the scientists in China during the last two years.The main contents concern the 4 aspects of the ionospheric research:(1)ionospheric weather and coupling with magnetosphere(polar and auroral ionosphere,ionospheric response to substorms,ionospheric storms);(2)mid-and low-latitude ionospheric climatology(ionospheric properties,yearly variations and solar activity dependence,long term variation);(3)ionospheric coupling with neutral atmosphere(gravity waves,tides,planetary waves,background upper atmosphere,and ionospheric response);and(4)ionospheric diagnostics(observation,modeling,and prediction).     

Possible influence of solar extreme events and related geomagnetic disturbances on human cardio-vascular state: Results of collaborative Bulgarian–Azerbaijani studies

This collaborative study is based on the analysis and comparison of results of coordinated experimental investigations conducted in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan for revealing a possible influence of solar activity changes and related geomagnetic activity variations on the human cardio-vascular state. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate of 86 healthy volunteers were measured on working days during a period of comparatively high solar and geomagnetic activity (2799 measurements in autumn 2001 and spring 2002) in Sofia. Daily experimental investigations of parameters of cardio-vascular health state were performed in Azerbaijan with a permanent group of examined persons. Heart rate and electrocardiograms were digitally registered (in total 1532 records) for seven functionally healthy persons on working days and Saturdays, in the Laboratory of Heliobiology at the Medical Center INAM in Baku, from 15.07.2006 to 13.11.2007. Obtained digital recordings were subjected to medical, statistical and spectral analyses. Special attention was paid to effects of solar extreme events, particularly those of November 2001 and December 2006. The statistical method of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis were applied to check the significance of the influence of geomagnetic activity on the cardio-vascular parameters under consideration. Results revealed statistically significant increments for the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the group with geomagnetic activity increase. Arterial blood pressure values started increasing two days prior to geomagnetic storms and kept their high values up to two days after the storms. Heart rate reaction was ambiguous and not significant for healthy persons examined (for both groups) under conditions with geomagnetic activity changes. It is concluded that heart rate for healthy persons at middle latitudes can be considered as a more stable physiological parameter which is not so sensitive to environmental changes while the dynamics of arterial blood pressure reveals a compensatory reaction of the human organism for adaptation.     

广汉机场强对流天气潜势预报方法研究

利用2008-2010年6-8月共9个月的地面观测资料、高空观测资料和探空资料,分析发生强对流天气的天气形势,进行相关性分析并使用消空法筛选有利于强对流天气发生的物理量因子和指数.分析和检验结果表明:在系统性天气过程影响下K指数、沙氏指数(SI)、700hPa假相当位温(θse(700))和地面24小时变温(△T24)对广汉机场12小时强对流天气潜势预报有较好的指导作用.     

天气影响的机场容量概率分布研究

天气是影响机场容量下降的主要因素,为了反映预测天气对容量的影响,建立了n-阶段到达容量分布模型。通过天气类型决策树将历史天气数据转换为每种天气类型的到达容量概率分布。根据天气类型的容量概率分布,用全概公式将概率天气预测转换为概率容量预测。基于5年的机场小时天气数据,对某一日的预测天气进行算例仿真,得到了一组基于预测天气的n-阶段容量概率分布。结果表明,n-阶段容量分布模型能够将机场不同时段的预测恶劣天气转换为预测随机容量,从而满足实时流量管理的需要。     

机载气象雷达风切变探测功能的维护

风切变严重影响飞行安全。本文介绍了民航客机气象雷达风切变探测功能的基本原理与系统概况,分析了日常维修中遇到的常见问题并提出维护要求。     

基于合作目标和视觉的无人飞行器全天候自动着陆导引关键技术

 GPS受他国控制和易受干扰对基于该导航系统的无人飞行器导航和着陆具有潜在危险,为了使其安全自动着陆,提出通过在着陆跑道(广场或公路)上预设具有受控发射红外光的地面合作目标,实现无人飞行器的视觉全天候自动精确着陆新技术。首先研究得到切实可行的工作过程;然后研制了合作目标,通过理论分析和实验得出,无论能见度高低,8~12 μm中远红外视觉系统探测到的合作目标图像质量远优于可见光视觉系统,研究得到合作目标和背景的温差在170~200 ℃时,成像效果最好。在识别研究中发现,基于传统的不变矩算法对合作目标的识别可靠性稍差,为了进一步准确地识别合作目标,又提出了基于方向链码的合作目标识别算法,该方法的耗时为不变距的96%,但是识别的可靠性比前者有显著提高。     

逆压力梯度下的自由流湍流度对湍流边界层特性的影响

本文对有逆压力梯度下的自由流湍流度对湍流边界层特性的影响做了较为仔细的测量,做了边界层内平均速度分布、壁面摩擦系数、压力梯度、边界层内三个方向脉动速度以及脉动总压的测量。试验结果指出:自由流湍流度的增加可大大削弱逆压力梯度对湍流边界层的不利影响,可使边界层速度分布饱满,尾迹强度减弱,从而延迟边界层分离。试验还首次得出自由流湍流度的增加可使边界层内的速度脉动和压力脉动分布均匀以及流动趋于稳定,因而可同时改善扩压器出口的静、动态特性。     

On the application of Exploratory Data Analysis for characterization of space weather data sets

This paper presents an overview of the mathematical foundations for techniques in Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) for the purpose of investigating the relationships among the numerous variables in large sets of multivariate space weather data. Specifically, we cover techniques in Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Common Factor Analysis (CFA). These techniques are illustrated using space weather activity indices collected during the year 2002 and the corresponding noon-time hmF2 data from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). A CFA is used to categorize the activity indices, and a PCA is used to derive two macro-indices of activity to ascertain the strength of solar and geomagnetic activity. These macro-indices are then used to compare and contrast IRI’s noon-time hmF2 values at six different geographic stations. It was found that the correlation between hmF2 and the macro-indices more accurately represented the variation of this correlation with latitude found in previous studies than if we used an isolated conventional index, such as SSN and AE. We also found that the daily maximum value of the Polar Cap Index was dependent on both solar and geomagnetic activity, but the closely-related cross-Polar Cap Potential was solely associated with elevated levels of geomagnetic activity, which is a unique result compared to previous studies. We argue that the discrepancy can be explained by the difference in experiment designs between the two studies. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of EDA in space weather studies of large multivariate data sets.