垂尾抖振响应的鲁棒-FxLMS主动控制试验

针对垂尾模型低阶模态抖振响应的主动控制问题,设计鲁棒控制器对次级通道进行反馈式阻尼补偿,建立了多模态的RFxLMS控制器,采用宏纤维复合材料压电作动器,开展了垂尾抖振响应压电主动控制的地面模拟试验。试验结果表明,RFxLMS控制器具有收敛速度快、控制效果好的优点,并且相比于单独的FxLMS控制器或鲁棒控制器,对垂尾抖振响应具有更好的控制效果。进一步开展了垂尾抖振响应主动控制的风洞试验。结果表明,RFxLMS控制器在多个试验工况下均有稳定的控制效果,并提升了控制系统的性能,垂尾抖振受控响应的RMS值比无控响应的RMS值降低了39.7%~48.1%。     

大跨域条件下的自适应滚转稳定容错控制方法

制导弹药在执行大跨域飞行任务时,其滚转扰动系数随速度、高度和攻角高频大幅值非线性变化,对制导弹药滚转通道稳定性造成了恶劣的影响。此外,时间滞后与控制失效等执行机构动力学特性进一步增加了滚转通道稳定性的控制难度。针对上述问题,设计了一种强鲁棒性的自适应滚转稳定容错控制方法。首先,在考虑执行机构失效动力学特性条件下建立了制导弹药滚转通道的数学模型,将系统不确定性和扰动项视为外部扰动,设计一种基于自适应滑模控制理论的强鲁棒滚转稳定控制方法,以补偿非线性变化项及执行机构失效。在此基础上,进一步考虑了执行机构动力学滞后特性,利用反步法设计了一种考虑执行机构动力学的控制方法,以补偿执行机构动力学滞后特性,提高弹体的响应速度。仿真结果表明所设计控制方法对气动扰动有较强鲁棒性以及在故障处理方面的优势。     

GO-FLOW法在飞机EHA可靠性分析中的应用

应用GO-FLOW法分析了飞机电静液作动器(EHA)的可靠性。首先在EHA单元功能合理划分的基础上,建立了EHA的GO-FLOW可靠性分析模型,采用布尔代数求解描述反馈环的布尔方程,解决了GO-FLOW图不允许存在循环的难题;其次进行了GO-FLOW运算,得到EHA系统在各时间点的可靠度;再次与GO法的结果比较,验证了GO-FLOW法的可行性和准确性;最后通过MATLAB曲线拟合,得到系统可靠度随时间的变化规律,以便及时对系统进行检修和维护。结果表明GO-FLOW法只需一次运算,就可得到系统在各时间点的可靠度,在减小计算复杂度方面较GO法有优势。     

Experimental characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial

Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) actuators have shown wide and promising application prospects in high-speed flow control, due to their advantages including high exhaust speed, wide frequency band, rapid response, and non-moving components. Although previous studies on PSJ actuators are abundant, most of them have focused on the performance of a single actuator. However, in practice, an actuator array is very necessary for large-scale aerodynamic actuation on account of the small affected area of a single PSJ. In this paper, the characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial are investigated experimentally. Compared to a parallel actuator array, the serial actuator array requires simpler power supply design and is much easier to realize. High-speed photography of the discharge evolution, voltage-current measurement, and shadowgraphy visualization are used in the investigation. Experimental results show that, for the serial actuator array, weak discharges happen firstly between energized and suspending electrodes, and then a strong pulse arc discharge is triggered. The breakdown voltage in serial is irrelevant to such factors as the number of actuators, the maximum or minimum gap in serial, the connection sequence, etc. It is mainly determined by the sum of gaps. For serial actuators with the same anode-to-cathode spacing, the energy deposition is the same, and the jet is synchronous and similar. Because of the entrainment and merging of adjacent jet vortices, the jet front speed of an aligned synchronous jet array increases as the orifice distance decreases. To achieve the highest jet front velocity, the orifice of the actuator has an optimal diameter.     

同轴旋转圆台环隙流动机制及实验研究

同轴旋转圆台环隙内流体的流动是基于经典的两同轴旋转圆柱环隙内泰勒库特流的一种扩展研究。通过流动显示实验和PIV粒子图像测速技术对圆台环隙的内部流场进行可视化和定量化的研究,分析涡运动的周期性规律,探究圆台环隙内雷诺应力分布和水位高度对流场的影响。研究表明,随着时间的发展,涡列周期性明显且整体在下移,当脉冲数为100脉冲/s时,环隙内形成均匀分布的正反交替的涡;当脉冲数为200~500脉冲/s时,存在快慢交替的分裂周期;在3种水位高度下也都存在明显周期性分裂,只是周期时间和涡的个数不同;平均流场存在上凸型外向流和下凹型内向流2种流态,流态的差异是离心力与静压力双重作用的强弱变化所致;雷诺应力分布中,径向正应力占主导,并主要集中在环隙中部。      

Flight safety oriented ice shape modulation using distributed plasma actuator units

Ice accretion on the wings seriously threatens the flight safety of an aircraft. From the perspectives of ensuring flight safety and saving power consumption, the ice shape modulation method using distributed plasma is proposed. Distributed plasma actuator units are designed to modulate the spanwise continuous ice at the leading edge into periodically segmented ice pieces, forming a wavy leading edge. Both airfoil and scaled aircraft model, with continuous and modulated ice, are experimentally investigated and simulated. Compared with the continuous ice, ice shape modulation can significantly improve the aerodynamic performance, flight control characteristics and flight safety. This method can save about half electric power, which is very beneficial for application.     

一种全复合材料卫星天线承力筒的研制

针对卫星天线承力筒轻质、高轴向模量、低轴向热膨胀的需求,文章开展了承力筒总体成型方案设计、材料基础热力学性能测试及产品试制等工作,并通过了实验考核。结果表明:对于材料的热力学性能,按经纬向比例1︰2编织的M40J炭布层压板在常温下纬向拉伸模量为118GPa,纬向拉伸强度为771MPa;在(?190~150)℃范围内,纬向热膨胀系数为(0.3~1.4)×10?6℃?1,经向热膨胀系数为(0.3~5.3)×10?6℃?1。该复合材料承力筒比铝质承力筒质量减少40%以上。复合材料承力筒经过(?170~120)℃/24h、6.5个循环的高低温循环实验考核,产品无残余变形,内部未出现开裂、分层等现象。     

承力筒模态分析与测试

对卫星的关键主承力结构——承力筒进行模态分析与测试是了解其结构特性的重要手段。文章采用悬挂法和固支法对某卫星用两种结构设计的承力筒进行了模态分析与测试,并对比分析了这两种方法对分析与测试结果的影响,最终确定了承力筒的模态特性。模态试验属于有效性确认试验,应根据具体的试验对象,慎重选择合理的试验方法。     

卫星姿态时延反步容错控制

针对卫星在轨飞行过程中存在执行机构故障及带有常值干扰的控制问题,提出了一种将时延控制(TDC)与反步技术相结合的鲁棒容错控制方法。该方法在继承反步控制优点的同时,引入积分环节用于减小常值干扰引起的稳态误差;同时,利用TDC的逼近能力来补偿执行机构的故障,且对设计者而言,故障信息不需要进行在线的检测和分离,而仅需要一步状态迭代。基于Lyapunov方法从理论上证明了系统的稳定性。最后,将该方法应用于卫星的姿态调节控制,仿真结果表明该控制器能有效地抑制外部干扰、参数不确定性和执行机构故障的约束,在完成姿态调节控制的同时,具有良好的过渡过程品质。     

基于观测器的航天器执行机构失效故障重构

针对刚体航天器在轨运行时存在执行机构失效故障和外部干扰问题,提出了一种基于观测器的故障检测与重构方法。该方法运用迭代学习技术,利用上一步的执行机构故障观测信息来估计当前的故障信息,并最终实现故障的精确重构。此外基于Lyapunov方法从理论上证明了此故障诊断方法能够实时、在线地实现对常值、时变甚至随机型的执行机构失效故障的重构,并且对外干扰力矩具有一定的鲁棒性。最后,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。