减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的静电探针测量

组建了一套利用静电探针诊断技术测量减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的实验系统。对以纯氩为工质的等离子体,在气流量1．25×10^-1kg/s、弧电流80A、真空室压力165Pa的条件下,测量了射流的速度及其分布。结果表明射流在发生器出口处中心最高速度约为1200m／s,在半径20mm处减小到635m／s。沿射流轴线方向的速度梯度约为10（ms^-1）／mm。射流速度随着弧电流增加而缓慢单调增加;当真空室压力从165Pa提高到2kPa时,发生器出口轴线上的射流速度从1200m／s降至570m／s。     

气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响

为了掌握气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律以及解释声学实验中出现的切向频率分化现象的内在机理,采用声学有限元方法(FEM)并在单喷嘴声学模拟实验验证的基础上,从固有频率和声压分布角度分析了气喷嘴长度、声腔长度和节流嘴直径对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律,利用声压分布成功地解释了实验中出现的频率分化现象。结果表明:当燃烧室某阶切向振型频率与喷嘴1阶纵向振型频率相等时,喷嘴由于共振将切向振型声压幅值极值点附近的能量转移到喷嘴中,改变了燃烧室原切向振型的声压分布,因此在声学实验中产生切向频率分化现象;气喷嘴长度与节流嘴直径之间存在着耦合关系,在液氧煤油补燃发动机喷嘴设计阶段可进行组合参数匹配优化。      

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

喷雾器喷嘴出口喷流流场特性的实验研究

通过定性定量实验手段研究了以水为单介质流体的某农用喷雾器喷嘴出口流场。首先采用单反相机常规拍摄方法,记录了喷雾压力在50～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场,发现了随着喷雾压力增大,喷嘴出口射流的形状经历了形成液泡到液泡破裂的过程,以及射流发展及最终稳定过程。然后通过PIV测速技术对喷雾压力在1 000～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场进行了定量测量实验研究,获得了在纵向截面上,喷嘴出口速度随喷雾压力增大而增大,且在中心线上的速度随着离喷口距离的增加均呈现振荡衰减的变化规律。在同一位置横向截面上,随着喷雾压力的增加,旋流强度越强,流速越大;而在同一喷雾压力下,离喷嘴出口距离越近的横截面处旋流强度越大,流速也越大。本文实验研究结果验证了PIV测速技术可以用于水雾滴的速度场测量。     

GPS/INS组合系统空中对准方法研究

针对单天线的GPS与捷联惯性导航组合系统,提出了一种空中对准方案,不同于传统的传递对准方法,仅依靠GPS测量信息进行速度匹配,完成空中初始对准。该方案采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法解决对准过程中的非线性问题。仿真结果表明该方案的对准精度(1σ)可以达到水平姿态误差0.07,°方位误差0.3°。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的预测模型

在低速冲击载荷作用下,建立了一种适用于铺层总数较多的复合材料层合板的损伤预测模型。采用三维Puck失效准则预测层内纤维与基体的破坏,并获得基体失效时的断裂面角度。根据低速冲击下复合材料层合板的层间分层损伤机理,同时考虑面内横向正应力、厚度方向正应力、层间剪应力和相邻铺层的损伤状态等因素对界面分层的影响,发展了一种新的冲击分层失效准则。为快速有效地预测铺层总数较多的复合材料层合板的冲击损伤,通过对单元积分点处的应变进行线性插值,提出了在单个实体单元内预测多个铺层损伤的数值计算方法。模型成功预测了受冲击层合板具体的失效模式,预测的分层形状和尺寸与试验值吻合较好,并显著减少了有限元模型的规模,表明本文所发展的数值方法对预测复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的有效性。     

声矢量传感器阵中基于Kalman滤波和OPASTd的DOA跟踪算法

研究了声矢量传感器阵动目标角度跟踪问题,并提出了声矢量传感器阵中 一种基于Kalman滤波和正交压缩近似投影子空间跟踪(Orthonormal projection approximation and subspace tracking of deflation, OPASTd)的波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)跟踪算法。该算法通过OPASTd算法来进行DOA的跟踪,从而克服了PASTd算法由于在某些情况下振荡但不收敛进而压缩数据、在迭代更新中由特征向量的不准确性产生误差累积等原因引起破坏信号子空间正交性的缺陷。Kalman滤波和OPASTd相结合算法可在估计角度的同时进行数据关联,与传统的PASTd算法相比,角度跟踪性能更好。该算法的优越性均可在文中得到验证。     

无源无线声表面波压力传感器校准技术研究

声表面波压力传感器是一种新型传感器,它的一大优势是具有无源无线信号传递特性,可以突破传统传感器线缆连接的限制,近年来受到国内外研究机构普遍重视。本文探讨了SAW压力传感器的校准技术,对某种商业传感器进行校准,使用最小二乘法分析校准结果,并进行不确定度评估。校准结果显示该传感器在误差、线性、重复性等方面可满足一定精度要求,通过进一步发展,有望在航天领域得到实际应用。     

一种提高扩频系统频带利用率的方法

本文提出了评价扩频系统频带利用率的新观点。针对扩频系统频带利用率较低的现状,作者认为应努力开展软扩频技术的研究。文章介绍了一种提高频带利用率的方法,即以n对m方式进行扩频编码,分析了这种扩频方式的主要技术问题。并给出了实验结果。