负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响

以一维超声振动系统为研究对象,以点、线、面三种不同的加载方式对工件进行加载,研究了负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响。实验表明,当以点、线的加载方式对工件进行加载时,载荷的变化对声学系统特性各参数的影响不大;而当加载方式为面接触时,机械品质因数Qm、谐振频率fs和动态电阻R随着载荷F的增大有明显的增大趋势,动态电容C和最大电导Gmax却随着载荷F的增大而减小。     

Solitary,explosive and periodic solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves with non-thermal hot ions

A theoretical investigation has been made for electron acoustic waves propagating in a system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consists of a cold electron fluid and ions with two different temperatures in which the hot ions obey the non-thermal distribution. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude electrostatic waves. It is found that the presence of the energetic population of non-thermal hot ions δ, initial normalized equilibrium density of low temperature ions μ and the ratio of temperatures of low temperature ions to high temperature ions β do not only significantly modify the basic properties of solitary structure, but also change the polarity of the solitary profiles. At the critical hot ions density, the KdV equation is not appropriate for describing the system. Hence, a new set of stretched coordinates is considered to derive the modified KdV equation. In the vicinity of the critical hot ions density, neither KdV nor modified KdV equation is appropriate for describing the electron acoustic waves. Therefore, a further modified KdV equation is derived. An algebraic method with computerized symbolic computation, which greatly exceeds the applicability of the existing tanh, extended tanh methods in obtaining a series of exact solutions of the various KdV-type equations, is used here. Numerical studies have been reveals different solutions e.g., bell-shaped solitary pulses, singular solitary “blowup” solutions, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic wave, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions, in addition to explosive pulses. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as Earth’s magnetotail region.     

基于自航式声诱饵对抗的机载鱼雷命中概率仿真

为研究潜艇使用自航式声诱饵对抗条件下直升机空投鱼雷命中概率,基于对舰艇引导直升机空投鱼雷的过程分析,建立了舰艇引导机载鱼雷攻潜的参数解算模型、自航式声诱饵对抗自导鱼雷模型,分析了鱼雷命中条件.以美国MK-46鱼雷为例,运用模拟法仿真研究了在自航式声诱饵对抗条件下机载鱼雷的攻潜效果,结论对自导鱼雷在对抗条件下攻击潜艇的作...     

超高强度钢不同性质缺陷的声发射特性研究

研究了超高强度钢30Si2MnCrMoVE的声发射特性,针对裂纹、夹钨、未焊透等几种常见焊接缺陷的声发射数据进行了分析,为相关产品的声发射检测结果评定提供参考,以此提高声发射技术在超高强度钢产品质量检测上的可靠性。     

航空发动机压气机内部流体诱发声共振研究进展

声共振是一种涡声相互作用诱发的特殊声学共振现象，可产生超过160 dB的纯音噪声，不仅严重影响环境舒适性，还可引起结构件的疲劳破坏，在火箭燃烧室、军机弹仓、汽车天窗以及热交换器管束等多个工程领域内引起了设计者们的足够重视。与此同时，越来越多的研究表明航空发动机压气机内部同样存在声共振问题，其引发的叶片断裂故障也屡见不鲜，已逐渐成为国际范围内的一项研究热点问题，但对其物理机制的认识仍待完善。本文系统性阐述了压气机内部声共振的机理、试验测试、预测方法和控制措施的研究现状及其发展趋势，旨在扩展对流体诱发叶片振动方面的基础理论认知，为提升压气机设计和排故能力提供技术储备。     

NASA在声振领域研究的新成果

近年来在航天工业中声振已产生了许多重要进展。本文介绍了在NASA格伦研究中心所完成的工程项目中在声振领域取得的一些成果。     

金属橡胶材料吸声特性的理论分析

对金属橡胶材料的吸声特性进行了理论研究.针对金属橡胶多孔性的特点,以瑞利模型为基础,根据圆管中声传播理论和亥姆霍兹共鸣器原理,建立了金属橡胶的吸声理论模型,推导出金属橡胶吸声系数的计算公式.并通过阻抗管法对不同结构参数的金属橡胶试验件进行了吸声性能的试验.试验结果验证了该理论模型的准确性.该吸声模型为金属橡胶在吸声降噪方面的工程应用提供了理论依据.     

声表面波压力遥测传感器的理论与设计

介绍了一种遥测声表面波压力传感器的原理与设计,其核心敏感部件是由声表面波谐振器组成的振荡器,文中给出了主要的测试结果。     

Electron acoustic solitary waves in the Earth’s magnetotail region

Satellite observations have revealed solitary potential structures in the Earth’s magnetotail region. These structures have both positive (compressive) and negative (rarefactive) electrostatic potentials. In this paper we study the electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of cold plasma electrons and isothermal ions with two different temperatures. Using the reductive perturbation method, the nonlinear evolution of such structures is studied. The numerical computations are performed to study the role of two temperature ions in the generation of EASWs. In this case, the model supports the existence of both positive and negative electrostatic potentials with bipolar pulses. The electric field associated with these positive and negative solitary structures are numerically computed. The present study could be useful to construe the compressive and rarefactive electric field bipolar pulses associated with the BEN type emissions in the magnetospheric regions where the electron beams are not present.     

风扇后传声降噪声衬设计方法及实验验证

针对航空发动机风扇后传声降噪问题,开展了外涵道降噪声衬设计方法研究。将声衬设计过程分为两步,通过采用基于半经验声阻抗模型的声衬设计方法针对给定的声源频率进行初步设计,获得较优的声阻抗及相应的声衬几何参数。之后在初步设计结果的基础上,利用基于高精度计算气动声学的声传播计算软件对声阻抗进行优化,并得到最终的优化方案。为验证提出的设计方法,在全消声室内的风扇后传声降噪声衬测试台分别对初步设计声衬和优化声衬进行了实验验证。实验中采用扬声器模拟风扇声源,给定声源模态为(1,0),频率为3150Hz,内涵出口马赫数为0.8,外涵出口马赫数为0.6。结果表明:在给定的声源模态和频率下,初步设计的声衬可以取得10dB的降噪效果。优化设计的声衬相较于初步设计声衬,远场噪声可以再降低3~4dB。