固体火箭发动机喷流噪声测量及声场分析

为了研究分析固体火箭发动机喷流噪声特性及其声场分布规律,设计实验发动机,采用LMS数据采集系统及噪声处理软件通过传感器对固体火箭发动机喷流噪声进行实验采集和测量分析。实验结果表明：同一测量位置处,随着推进剂燃温的降低,噪声峰值降低;随着燃烧室压力及喷管出口马赫数的增高,噪声峰值升高;该实验工况下,发动机喷流噪声声压级分布在120-140dB,峰值频率4500-5000Hz。实验结果对固体火箭发动机喷流噪声场的预测提供了实验依据。     

随机载荷谱下基于声发射的耳片接头疲劳裂纹识别方法

作为航空结构中传递集中载荷的关键部件,耳片接头的失效将会带来灾难性的后果,因此需要通过疲劳试验来验证其是否满足设计要求。声发射（AE）作为一种在线监测手段,能够及时捕捉接头裂纹萌生扩展进程,提升试验质量。然而,在随机载荷谱下,会产生大量极其复杂且毫无规律的声发射信号,致使传统的基于特征提取及参数滤波的声发射数据分析方法难以发挥作用,无法有效识别接头裂纹的萌生。因此,本文提出了一种随机载荷谱下疲劳裂纹的声发射识别方法,该方法利用随机载荷谱的分布特点,通过分析不同载荷谱块下相同循环时段所对应的声发射信号表象差异来发现、锁定异常,并结合定位分析与干扰排除分析,确定裂纹的发生时间及位置。通过疲劳试验,该方法的有效性得到了证实,因而可为随机载荷谱下的相关航空结构试验提供参考。     

民机驾驶舱扬声器啸叫成因研究与抑制方法

民用飞机驾驶舱扬声器是一个电声换能器件,安装在飞机驾驶舱中,可将电信号转为声信号输出,并将声学功率辐射到驾驶舱。驾驶舱扬声器不仅能够为驾驶舱内的机组人员提供与客舱乘务人员以及塔台管制人员的通话语音,还能够提供飞行导航音、选呼音和告警音的发声。因此,驾驶舱扬声器是飞机上不可或缺的机载设备,为飞机的飞行安全提供了保障。驾驶舱扬声器产生的尖锐刺耳啸叫让人难以忍受,导致飞行机组无法听到其他声音,甚至无法使用语音通信系统,严重时会影响到飞行安全。指出驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的危害,分析啸叫的成因,并在此基础上探讨驾驶舱扬声器"啸叫"的抑制方法,为民机驾驶舱音频系统的防啸叫设计提供一定的参考依据。     

水下PNT体系之声学导航定位技术应用展望CSCD

声学导航技术是水下PNT体系的重要组成部分,也是水下PNT建设的一种有效增量手段,应充分利用中高频声学导航技术的隐蔽性和精确性,以及低频声学导航技术的广域性,满足水下用户对水下导航定位能力的隐蔽性、广域性以及精确性需求,有效促进水下导航定位服务能力的持续提升。从水下应用需求出发,研究了声学导航的任务剖面、边界条件和融合方式等,明确其在水下应用的优越性与局限性,最后对我国未来声学导航技术水下应用提出了建议。     

随机振动试验和噪声试验的有效性分析

文章首先从频率范围、输入能量、振动模态和传递路径等四个方面对随机振动试验和噪声试验的差异进行了详细分析;之后从内声场和结构传递振动两方面对组件级试验的有效性进行初步评估,着重讨论组件级振动试验项目的优化选择方法;通过综合考虑,对航天器系统级振动试验项目的选择提出了合理建议。     

用遥测数据识别飞行外声场

给出了一种用遥测数据通过混响室噪声试验识别飞行外声场的方法,并提供了一个实例。该方法以遥测加速度功率谱为控制谱,以遥测点为响应测量点,通过噪声试验调节外声场声谱,使测量点的响应与控制谱一致,识别出飞行外声场。共识别了起飞段和跨音速段两种外声场。实例给出了某火箭某次遥测数据及识别外声场,并将识别外声场与该火箭另次飞行的实测外声场进行了比较。比较表明,识别外声场与实测外声场总声压级最大相差5.2dB,谱型振动能量分布存在较大差别。作为有限条件下(仅有遥测数据)获取外声场的一种方法,并以此外声场作为输入载荷对试件进行故障分析和振动环境获取,从飞行结果看,该方法是可行有效的。     

现场测量管道声衬声阻抗的双传声器法实验研究

对现场测量管道声衬声阻抗的双传声器法进行了研究.为解决实用声衬蜂窝单元尺寸过小,无法直接嵌入常用传声器的难题,采用了探针传声器技术,通过外径1.5mm的细管引出不易直接测量的声衬表面和背腔内声压信号,并设计了校准方法以确保测量精度.进而,在管内声场具有多重模态和声波斜入射的条件下,应用双传声器法测量了实用蜂窝夹层声衬的声阻抗,并与标准阻抗管的测量数据和一种理论预测模型进行了对比,结果符合良好,从而验证了本方法及测量装置的可靠性.      

Solitary and periodic waves in magneto–rotating plasmas: Effect of the Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons

The nonlinear propagation of ion–acoustic (IA) waves in a magneto–rotating plasma is studied by considering the Kappa-Cairns electron distribution. Employing the perturbation scheme, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived. It is seen that both positive and negative potential solitons can be supported in the present plasma model. The numerical results reveal that the Kappa-Cairns distributed electrons modify features of the electrostatic waves significantly. The effects of non–thermal parameters, plasma rotation frequency, ion temperature, and the wave propagation angle on electrostatic solitary wave structures are also discussed here. It is found that the plasma parameters considerably influence the propagation of IA waves in rotating plasmas. Furthermore, using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to the K-dV equation, we have presented the existence of solitary and periodic traveling waves. Our study may be helpful to understand the behavior of ion–acoustic wave in the rotating plasma.     

负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响

以一维超声振动系统为研究对象,以点、线、面三种不同的加载方式对工件进行加载,研究了负载对超声加工声学系统特性的影响。实验表明,当以点、线的加载方式对工件进行加载时,载荷的变化对声学系统特性各参数的影响不大;而当加载方式为面接触时,机械品质因数Qm、谐振频率fs和动态电阻R随着载荷F的增大有明显的增大趋势,动态电容C和最大电导Gmax却随着载荷F的增大而减小。     

Solitary,explosive and periodic solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves with non-thermal hot ions

A theoretical investigation has been made for electron acoustic waves propagating in a system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consists of a cold electron fluid and ions with two different temperatures in which the hot ions obey the non-thermal distribution. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude electrostatic waves. It is found that the presence of the energetic population of non-thermal hot ions δ, initial normalized equilibrium density of low temperature ions μ and the ratio of temperatures of low temperature ions to high temperature ions β do not only significantly modify the basic properties of solitary structure, but also change the polarity of the solitary profiles. At the critical hot ions density, the KdV equation is not appropriate for describing the system. Hence, a new set of stretched coordinates is considered to derive the modified KdV equation. In the vicinity of the critical hot ions density, neither KdV nor modified KdV equation is appropriate for describing the electron acoustic waves. Therefore, a further modified KdV equation is derived. An algebraic method with computerized symbolic computation, which greatly exceeds the applicability of the existing tanh, extended tanh methods in obtaining a series of exact solutions of the various KdV-type equations, is used here. Numerical studies have been reveals different solutions e.g., bell-shaped solitary pulses, singular solitary “blowup” solutions, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic wave, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions, in addition to explosive pulses. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as Earth’s magnetotail region.