Nonlinear quantum ion acoustic shock wave dynamics with exchange-correlation effects

The dynamics of linear and nonlinear electrostatic shock excitations is studied in homogeneous, unmagnetized, unbounded and dissipative quantum plasma consisting of electrons and ions. The dissipation in the system is taken into account by incorporating the ion kinematic viscosity. The system is modelled using the quantum hydrodynamic equations in which the electrons are significantly affected by the quantum forces, viz., the quantum statistical pressure, the quantum Bohm potential and electron exchange-correlations due to electron spin. In the weakly nonlinear limit, using reductive perturbation method deformed Korteweg-de Vries Burgers’s (KdVB) equation, which elegantly combines the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion and dissipation is derived. It is found that the present model predicts the existence of both nonlinear oscillatory and monotonic shock structures. The temporal evolution, stability and phase-space dynamics of nonlinear ion acoustic shocks are investigated numerically to elucidate the effects of quantum diffraction, electron exchange correlation and ion kinematic viscosity.     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

突变截面燃烧室声腔纵向振荡频率规律分析

将药柱贴壁浇注的固体火箭发动机燃烧室简化为中间管型药两端容腔的形式,建立了突变截面H型声腔的物理模型,求解了此种声腔纵向振频的理论解和有限元解,以对称声腔与非对称声腔为对象,分析了一些关键几何尺寸对纵向声振频率变化的影响规律.计算结果表明,声振频率受装药长度与燃烧室长度的比值、装药内外径比值以及药柱浇注位置的共同影响.从合理的装药装填率考虑,初始振荡频率小于圆柱型声腔的振频,并随燃面退移连续增大.      

加筋板中超高速撞击声发射源定位方法

加筋板是航天器上的常用结构。为研制基于声发射技术的在轨感知系统,需要研究加筋板中声发射波传播规律及撞击源定位方法。文章测定了断铅信号在加筋板中的传播速度,对沿不同方向传播的波速进行了比较;通过有限元仿真,研究了筋体几何尺寸对板中声发射信号传播规律的影响。试验与仿真的结果表明:筋体对信号压缩波波速影响较小,但会造成信号第一幅值的衰减,在传感器布局设计时需要考虑到该因素。将加筋板中声发射信号传播速度取为沿不同方向传播波速的平均值,可将源定位问题转化成求取函数最小值的优化问题,在加筋板上对断铅波源和超高速撞击波源进行定位效果较好。     

空气加热器声学振荡特性的数值计算

为研究空气加热器的声学振荡特性并为其设计和后续的试验方案提供借鉴,对空气加热器不同喷嘴位置处的喷雾火焰形成的声学振荡进行了数值仿真,重点研究了多个离散点处的不稳定特征以及燃烧室内的流场演化过程。仿真结果捕捉到了燃烧不稳定的典型特征,如起振、线性增长、稳定极限环;非稳态流场直观地展示出喷注面板中心位置处的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成二阶横向声学振荡,并且这种振荡形式具有从喷注面板向喷管入口传播的行波特征;离面板中心53.6mm的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成一阶横向声学振荡,这种振荡形式没有明显的行波特征。     

考虑地面影响的半空间气动噪声数值计算方法

含非紧致边界的半空间气动噪声问题普遍存在于航空领域,在数值计算过程中不仅要考虑非紧致边界的散射效应,还需要考虑地面对声波的反射。基于Lighthill声模拟理论和广义格林函数方法,引入边界声压积分项和可压缩修正项可以考虑非紧致边界以及流体可压缩性对声波散射的影响。然而在半空间声场的计算过程中,包含沿无限大地面的积分项,为了克服沿地面积分所带来的巨大工作量,根据无穷大平板对声波的反射特性,推导得出频域下基于半空间格林函数的声学积分方程。同时开展了半空间中应力源噪声与圆柱绕流噪声的数值预测与分析,验证了该方法的准确性与高效性。     

载人航天器内超声在轨检漏的应用基础研究

载人航天器在轨运行发生泄漏会造成极大的危害,需要及时检测和定位,超声检漏设备是一种便捷有效的在轨检漏方案。文章分析了航天器泄漏产生超声波的原理并计算了对应的中心频率,分析了声压衰减原理并计算了衰减范围,通过试验得到4种漏孔的拟合曲线和方程,针对拟合曲线进行了试验验证。结果表明：在20～500 mm的感知范围内,超声波声压随距离的增大呈一阶指数衰减,并随漏孔直径的增大而增大。本文研究结果可为航天器超声在轨检漏仪的研制和使用提供参考。     

离心风扇非定常气动力和气动噪声特性数值研究

将Lighthill方程转变为频域Helmholtz弱积分形式并采用Galerkin方法离散.基于声学有限元方法考虑声波在复杂固壁(叶轮和蜗壳)内的散射和反射等作用,利用Ffowcs Williams-Hawking(FW-H)方程耦合非定常流场计算结果数值预测了某离心风扇的噪声辐射,流场计算结果和蜗壳壁面动态压力测量结果在基频上吻合较好.结果表明:基频压力脉动分量在噪声源特性中占据主导地位且靠近叶轮前盖板对应位置的蜗舌区域(叶轮出口宽度范围内)是最主要的噪声源区域;声学有限元方法和实验吻合较好,复杂固壁对声传播影响不容忽略.叶轮出口不稳定气流对蜗壳周期性冲击引起的转/静干涉噪声远大于叶片偶极子源噪声是离心风扇最主要的噪声辐射分量且噪声主要从风扇管道出口方向传播.      

直流式喷嘴开口率声学抑制能力影响

根据喷嘴长度和入口边界条件,将液体火箭发动机气液同轴式喷嘴简化为4类:四分之一波长闭管、二分之一波长闭管、四分之一波长开管和二分之一波长开管。采用线性声学理论对喷嘴入口开口率的声学抑制影响进行了研究,得到了入口开口率声学影响规律。结果表明:在标准长度和最佳长度2种条件下,开口率对喷嘴抑制能力的影响差别很大。合理选择开口率和喷嘴长度能够有效提高喷嘴抑制能力。研究结果可为喷嘴长度和入口射流条件优化设计、燃烧室声学振荡抑制提供参考。     

Effects of dust polarity and nonextensive electrons on the dust-ion acoustic solitons and double layers in earth atmosphere

Propagation of dustion acoustic solitary waves (DIASWs) and double layers is discussed in earth atmosphere, using the Sagdeev potential method. The best model for distribution function of electrons in earth atmosphere is found by fitting available data on different distribution functions. The nonextensive function with parameter $q=0.58$ provides the best fit on observations. Thus we analyze the propagation of localized waves in an unmagnetized plasma containing nonextensive electrons, inertial ions, and negatively/positively charged stationary dust. It is found that both compressive and rarefactive solitons as well as double layers exist depending on the sign (and the value) of dust polarity. Characters of propagated waves are described using the presented model.