The calculation of ionospheric absorption with modern computers

New outcomes are proposed for ionospheric absorption starting from the Appleton–Hartree formula, in its complete form. The range of applicability is discussed for the approximate formulae, which are usually employed in the calculation of non-deviative absorption coefficient. These results were achieved by performing a more refined approximation that is valid under quasi-longitudinal (QL) propagation conditions. The more refined QL approximation and the usually employed non-deviative absorption are compared with that derived from a complete formulation. Their expressions, nothing complicated, can usefully be implemented in a software program running on modern computers. Moreover, the importance of considering Booker’s rule is highlighted. A radio link of ground range D = 1000 km was also simulated using ray tracing for a sample daytime ionosphere. Finally, some estimations of the integrated absorption for the radio link considered are provided for different frequencies.     

电化学浸渍液乙醇溶液中镍的测定

提出用空气-乙炔原子吸收光谱法进行电化学浸渍液乙醇溶液中镍含量的测定。介绍镍的最佳测定条件并具有良好线性范围的质量浓度，对样品消化处理条件，灵敏度和干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法具有良好的灵敏度和重现性，同时具有方法步骤简单，操作容易，干扰少等特点，完全达到了实验室的仪器分析质量与质量控制要求。     

红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性校准与改进研究

提出了红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性实验方法,建立了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态数学模型,阐述了动态补偿滤波器的设计过程,并讨论了影响动态数字滤波器补偿效果的各种因素.为了减小运算时间,改善传感器的响应特性,给出了一种将滤波器的差分方程变成递推运算的方法.实验结果表明,动态补偿滤波器有效地提高了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态特性.     

原子吸收光谱仪在空间电源材料分析中的应用

介绍了原子吸收光谱仪在航天空间电源系统产品的金属、粉末、液体和化学试剂等材料分析中的应用，并提供了可靠性分析方法和测试条件。原子吸收光谱分析的适用性强，具有较好的灵敏度和重现性。对各类分析的材料预处理、光谱干扰因素和消除方法也进行了阐述。     

丁羟推进剂吸湿特性

以丁羟推进剂为研究对象，进行了10、30、50℃3种温度多种相对湿度条件下的吸湿试验；采取吸湿率、平衡含湿率作为表征参数，研究了丁羟推进剂吸湿的规律。结果表明，吸湿初期吸湿率随吸湿时间增加而增大，推进剂试样的吸湿在一段时间后可达到平衡，平衡含湿率主要取决于环境相对湿度，受温度的影响较小；通过对吸湿试验所得数据的分析，得到了丁羟推进剂吸湿时的温度和相对湿度条件对其扩散系数的影响规律，给出了扩散系数的温湿度修正模型，用该模型表示扩散系数与温度和相对湿度的关系时，最大相对误差仅为7．11％。     

Core reinforcement design for improving flexural energy-absorption of corrugated sandwich composite structure

To strengthen Specific Energy-Absorption (SEA) behavior of Sandwich Composite Structure (SCS), a kind of light-weight vertical stiffener is proposed for the corrugated core. The vertical stiffener, embedded in the corrugated core, can not only absorb part of energy but also simultaneously enhance Energy-Absorption (EA) of other components. The Hashin damage model considering the shear stress and ductile damage model is adopted to predict the failure of carbon fiber face-sheets and aluminum-core, respectively. The perfect bonding is modeled for interfaces between the face-sheet and core due to little realistic debonding. The finite element model is verified by available data of conventional SCS. To obtain more design ideas, several stiffeners with different thicknesses, numbers, and positions are investigated. From the predicted results, both the flexural load and deformation of SCS correlate well with experimental results. It is highlighted that the SCSs with different vertical stiffeners exhibit 9.74%–58.48% higher SEA than the SCS without stiffener. The complex reinforcement mechanisms are extensively revealed by underlying coupling EA and deformation mechanisms. Structural parameter analysis shows that the thickness and number have significant effects on the flexural behavior and SEA of reinforced SCS.     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

M-型皱褶芯材夹层板吸能性能研究

作为先进复合材料夹层结构,皱褶夹层板是一种具有众多优点的新型夹层板结构。本文建立了带有缺陷的皱褶芯材有限元模型,对M-型皱褶芯材的能量吸收率和几何参数之间的关系进行了研究。压缩试验仿真结果与CELPACT项目中的试验结果相符。与蜂窝芯材相比,皱褶芯材在吸能性能上表现出了很大的优势,其能量吸收率是蜂窝芯材的两倍多。此外,本文采用响应面法获得了M-型皱褶芯材几何参数和吸能性能指标之间的关系。最后,以吸能性能最优为目标,采用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法获得初始样本,以多目标非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对皱褶芯材进行了优化。     

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.