Coastal coverage of ESA’ Sentinel 2 mission

Climatologic and anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas affect the coastal zone at different scales. With the development of new missions in open-access, satellites now represent an attractive solution for a broad public to capture local-scale coastal impacts at large scales. Here, the capability of the Sentinel 2 constellation to cover coastal areas and measure coastal processes –physical and biological. We show that Sentinel 2 enables high-frequency measurements across the globe. Cloud coverage at higher latitudes is overcome by decrease revisit time-intervals. Only around the equator, the longest revisit intervals and high cloud cover probability limits coastal measurements there. Sentinel 2 based methods are capable of estimating Digital Elevation Models for mid- to high-latitude coastal zones and sporadic spots for lower latitudes where 2 orbit swaths overlap. For the majority of the world’s coastal bathymetries can be obtained with the Sentinel 2 imagery surpassing the depth of closure (beyond this offshore limit sediment transport is limited). Only in sheltered areas, wave-based bathymetry inversion is limited but at these areas inversion through colouring (light penetration) prevails. This works shows that Sentinel 2 enables coastal monitoring as never before, large spatial scale with revisits of a few days at most of the world.     

某型直升机旋翼转速表的数字化设计方案

提出某型直升机数字旋翼转速表的研制方案,给出以频率/数字(F/D)变换电路为核心的主要硬件原理,分析了采样误差的产生及抑制误差的措施.装机部件研制成功证实了方案的可行性.     

直升机桨叶耐颗粒物/砂磨蚀标准分析

在分析研究直升机桨叶耐颗粒物/砂磨蚀标准主要技术要素的基础上,全面对比分析了MIL-STD-3033、ГОСТР52560-2006、GJB 1171-1991等国内外标准的基本内容,提出了装备研制及标准化工作相关建议。     

Plasmaspheric electron content derived from GPS TEC and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC measurements: Solar minimum condition

The plasmaspheric electron content (PEC) was estimated by comparison of GPS TEC observations and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements at the extended solar minimum of cycle 23/24. Results are retrieved for different seasons (equinoxes and solstices) of the year 2009. COSMIC-derived electron density profiles were integrated up to the height of 700 km in order to retrieve estimates of ionospheric electron content (IEC). Global maps of monthly median values of COSMIC IEC were constructed by use of spherical harmonics expansion. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the global distribution of electron content estimates, as well as by selection specific points corresponded to mid-latitudes of Northern America, Europe, Asia and the Southern Hemisphere. The analysis found that both kinds of observations show rather similar diurnal behavior during all seasons, certainly with GPS TEC estimates larger than corresponded COSMIC IEC values. It was shown that during daytime both GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values were generally lower at winter than in summer solstice practically over all specific points. The estimates of PEC (h > 700 km) were obtained as a difference between GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values. Results of comparative study revealed that for mid-latitudinal points PEC estimates varied weakly with the time of a day and reached the value of several TECU for the condition of solar minimum. Percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 50–60%) during night-time and lesser values (25–45%) during day-time.     

Synergistic use of multitemporal RAMP,ICESat and GPS to construct an accurate DEM of the Larsemann Hills region,Antarctica

An enhanced digital elevation model (DEM) of the Larsemann Hills region, east Antarctica, is constructed synergistically by using highly accurate ground-based GPS measurements, satellite-derived laser altimetry (GLAS/ICESat) and Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMPv2) DEM-based point elevation dataset. Our DEM has a vertical accuracy of about 1.5 times better than RAMPv2 DEM and seven times better than GLAS/ICESAT-based DEM. The accuracy is improved by validating the RAMPv2 DEM elevation by supplementing with GLAS/ICESat and DGPS survey data, when compared to that of DEM constructed by using GLAS/ICESat or RAMPv2 alone. With the use of accurate GPS data as ground control points reference elevations, the DEM extracted is much more accurate with least mean RMSE of 34.5 m than that constructed by using a combination of GLAS/ICESat and RAMPv2 as true reference. The newly constructed DEM 7 achieves highest accuracy with the least average elevation difference of 0.27 m calculated using 46 ground reference points. Available DEMs of Antarctic region generated by using radar altimetry and the Antarctic Digital Database indicate elevation variations in the range of 50–100 m, which necessitates the generation of local DEM and its validation by using ground truth. This is our first attempt of fusing multi-temporal, multi-sensor and multi-source elevation data to generate a DEM of any part of Antarctica, in order to address the ice elevation change to infer the ice mass balance. Our approach focuses on the strengths of each elevation data source to produce an accurate DEM.     

空投舱体着陆冲击仿真与分析

针对空投物资方式中物资的安全着陆问题,采用舱体结构对空投救生装备进行缓冲保护.本文在对舱体空投问题进行了力学分析的基础上,采用显式非线性动力学分析有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对空投舱体着陆冲击进行模拟计算,根据仿真计算所得的舱体在冲击过程中的动态响应,来确定舱体结构设计方案的可行性,体现了设计的先进性.     

A multi-objective multi-memetic algorithm for network-wide conflict-free 4D flight trajectories planning

Under the demand of strategic air traffic flow management and the concept of trajectory based operations (TBO),the network-wide 4D flight trajectories planning (N4DFTP) problem has been investigated with the purpose of safely and efficiently allocating 4D trajectories (4DTs) (3D position and time) for all the flights in the whole airway network.Considering that the introduction of large-scale 4DTs inevitably increases the problem complexity,an efficient model for strategic level conflict management is developed in this paper.Specifically,a bi-objective N4DFTP problem that aims to minimize both potential conflicts and the trajectory cost is formulated.In consideration of the large-scale,high-complexity,and multi-objective characteristics of the N4DFTP problem,a multi-objective multi-memetic algorithm (MOMMA) that incorporates an evolutionary global search framework together with three problem-specific local search operators is implemented.It is capable of rapidly and effectively allocating 4DTs via rerouting,target time controlling,and flight level changing.Additionally,to balance the ability of exploitation and exploration of the algorithm,a special hybridization scheme is adopted for the integration of local and global search.Empirical studies using real air traffic data in China with different network complexities show that the pro posed MOMMA is effective to solve the N4DFTP problem.The solutions achieved are competitive for elaborate decision support under a TBO environment.     

舰载无人机横侧向着舰控制律设计

舰载无人机横侧向控制一直是着舰控制律设计的难点。为了解决着舰横侧向控制的难题,针对舰载无人机的非线性模型采用了反演控制器设计方法,为解决传统反演的计算膨胀问题,引入了指令滤波方法,同时只设计了一个Lyapunov函数证明了稳定性;由于舰载机动力学模型不能精确获得,采用了自适应方法对其进行估计。设计的横侧向着舰控制器,能较好地解决横侧向控制器设计过程中的耦合问题,并且和传统PID进行了仿真对比,证明了所设计的控制律满足了对参考信号跟踪的性能要求。     

白炽灯色温测量装置电路设计

介绍利用单片单板机接口电路完成对６Ｖ、３０Ｗ白炽灯光源与其对应的标准白炽灯光源的色温比对标定工作。     

Comparing topside and bottomside-measured characteristics of the F2 layer peak

The ionospheric characteristics of the F2 layer peak have been measured with ionosondes from the ground or with satellites from space. The most common characteristics are the F2-peak density NmF2 and peak height hmF2. In addition to these two parameters this paper studies the F2-peak scale height. Comparing the median values of hmF2 and NmF2 obtained from topside and bottomside sounding shows good agreement in general. The Chapman scale height values for the F2 layer peak derived from topside profiles, H_m,top, are generally several times larger than H_m,bot derived from bottomside profiles.