含噪信号经验模式分解虚假分量识别方法

针对含噪信号Hilbert-Huang变换存在虚假分量,提出改进的奇异值分解(SVD)方法进行降噪,改进包含两个部分:一是利用重构相空间代替传统矩阵如Hankel矩阵,以去掉信号冗余,再者提出奇异值能量熵分量差分法,更易于定出重构奇异值阶次;二是提出了频谱比值法对虚假分量进行辨识,更有效辨识出虚假分量.首先利用经验模式分解(EMD)得到本征模式分量(IMF),识别并剔除趋势项,重构信号,然后进行SVD,重构降噪后的信号,消除虚假分量,最后进行时频分析.联合方法应用于含噪仿真信号,信噪比(signal noise ratio,SNR)提高了5.5%,虚假分量辨识率提高至100%,用于双跨转子故障振动信号,得到正确的时频结果,表明了所提方法识别含噪信号虚假分量的有效性.     

一种宽带阵列通道均衡器设计

从基本FIR均衡器的原理出发,讨论了校正源的设置方法和均衡器系数的计算方法.为了适应宽带阵列中高速信号处理的要求,探讨了一种经典的FIR均衡器时域高速实现方法.该时域实现虽然结构简单,但在滤波器阶数较高时需要大量的乘法资源.为了降低均衡器对乘法资源的需求,借鉴快速卷积的实现方法,提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换的高速率均衡器实现方法.与时域方法相比,该方法在滤波器阶数大于32时能明显降低对乘法资源的损耗.对实测数据的分析,验证了该方法的正确性.     

A nonlinear background removal method for seismo-ionospheric anomaly analysis under a complex solar activity scenario: A case study of the M9.0 Tohoku earthquake

A precise determination of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomaly variations that are likely associated with large earthquakes as observed by global positioning system (GPS) requires the elimination of the ionospheric effect from irregular solar electromagnetic radiation. In particular, revealing the seismo-ionospheric anomalies when earthquakes occurred during periods of high solar activity is of utmost importance. To overcome this constraint, a multiresolution time series processing technique based on wavelet transform applicable to global ionosphere map (GIM) TEC data was used to remove the nonlinear effect from solar radiation for the earthquake that struck Tohoku, Japan, on 11 March, 2011. As a result, it was found that the extracted TEC have a good correlation with the measured solar extreme ultraviolet flux in 26–34 nm (EUV_26–34) and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F_10.7). After removing the influence of solar radiation origin in GIM TEC, the analysis results show that the TEC around the forthcoming epicenter and its conjugate were significantly enhanced in the afternoon period of 8 March 2011, 3 days before the earthquake. The spatial distributions of the TEC anomalous and extreme enhancements indicate that the earthquake preparation process had brought with a TEC anomaly area of size approximately 1650 and 5700 km in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions, respectively.     

基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计方法

受快速傅里叶变换（fast Fourier transform，FFT）的影响，基于FFT和压缩感知（compressive sensing, CS）的脉冲星周期快速估计算法的计算量大。为进一步减小计算量并提高计算精度，利用离散余弦变换（discrete cosine transform，DCT)取代FFT，提出了一种基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计算法。在该方法中，利用DCT提取脉冲星信号的低频部分构建低频DCT矩阵；构建畸变轮廓字典并获取累积轮廓；提出了利用最大值超分辨率稀疏恢复估计脉冲星周期的方法。仿真结果表明，DCT-CS的脉冲星周期估计精度达到了3.82×10-12 s，计算时间达到了9.31 ms。与FFT-CS相比，周期估计精度提高了约16%，计算时间缩短了约37.5%，实现了实时高精度的脉冲星周期估计。     

Detrend effect on the scalograms of GPS power scintillation

The study of amplitude scintillation on GPS radio links is usually done after detrending the time series of the transmitted power so to define scintillations as the chaotic fluctuation around a unitary value. In a sense, the choice of how to detrend the time series is part of the definition of scintillation.     

Analysis of the dynamic behavior of structures using the high-rate GNSS-PPP method combined with a wavelet-neural model: Numerical simulation and experimental tests

Recently, the high rate global navigation satellite system-precise point positioning (GNSS-PPP) technique has been used to detect the dynamic behavior of structures. This study aimed to increase the accuracy of the extraction oscillation properties of structural movements based on the high-rate (10?Hz) GNSS-PPP monitoring technique. A developmental model based on the combination of wavelet package transformation (WPT) de-noising and neural network prediction (NN) was proposed to improve the dynamic behavior of structures for GNSS-PPP method. A complicated numerical simulation involving highly noisy data and 13 experimental cases with different loads were utilized to confirm the efficiency of the proposed model design and the monitoring technique in detecting the dynamic behavior of structures. The results revealed that, when combined with the proposed model, GNSS-PPP method can be used to accurately detect the dynamic behavior of engineering structures as an alternative to relative GNSS method.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

Denoising methods in interferometric SAR images processing

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空间目标快速轮廓特征提取与跟踪技术

为满足空间目标交会对接任务中高精度、快速的测量要求,提出了一种空间目标快速轮廓特征提取与跟踪技术。该算法首先从初始帧图像中分割定位目标所在局部区域,作为目标连续跟踪的初始值;其次基于初始帧目标局部区域完成对初始帧目标边缘特征的检测及细化处理;最后采用Hough变换完成对初始帧目标边缘的检测及细化后的局部图像轮廓直线的提取,分别选取目标轮廓四方向最优的直线参数作为最终目标轮廓直线获取的效果,并采用梯度最大法则实现两两求交获取的轮廓特征的优化提取。在目标逼近过程中,结合相邻帧图像间目标尺度动态变化的关联性,根据初始帧提取目标轮廓特征的先验信息,确定目标在第二帧图像中的轮廓位置,并依次根据上一帧图像的轮廓位置信息定位目标在当前帧所在的区域,通过局部处理实现序列图像轮廓区域特征的连续跟踪。该算法无需遍历整个图像,所需处理的目标区域大幅减小,能够有效克服由目标图像较多边缘干扰导致的轮廓提取效果差及处理速度慢的缺点,具有速度快、准确性强、稳定性高等优点。