气膜孔轴线方向的视觉测量技术研究

针对高压涡轮叶片气膜孔的轴线方向测量难题,将非接触式的视觉测量技术与常规的多轴坐标测量技术相结合,搭建了气膜孔五轴视觉坐标测量系统,以在气膜孔的测量方法和设备方面开展探索与研究。为了获取被测气膜孔的轴线矢量参数,提出了采用景深合成技术来实现气膜孔形貌的三维重建,并将工业相机获取到的图像序列转化为三维物理数据的测量方法,而后通过空间直线拟合获取到了被测气膜孔的轴线矢量,以表征气膜孔的轴线方向。为了验证该方法的有效性和可行性,选取某型高压涡轮导向叶片作为被测物体,应用该测量系统对其前缘部位上的目标气膜孔进行了轴线矢量参数的10次等精度重复测量试验,轴线角度的重复性测量误差不大于0.30°,从而提供了一种气膜孔轴线方向的测量技术解决方案。     

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Overview: The Instrument Suite and Mission

NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP), formulated in response to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration, will execute a series of robotic missions that will pave the way for eventual permanent human presence on the Moon. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is first in this series of LPRP missions, and plans to launch in October of 2008 for at least one year of operation. LRO will employ six individual instruments to produce accurate maps and high-resolution images of future landing sites, to assess potential lunar resources, and to characterize the radiation environment. LRO will also test the feasibility of one advanced technology demonstration package. The LRO payload includes: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes, surface roughness, and search for possible polar surface ice in shadowed regions, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) which will acquire targeted narrow angle images of the lunar surface capable of resolving meter-scale features to support landing site selection, as well as wide-angle images to characterize polar illumination conditions and to identify potential resources, Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) which will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice, and will provide space radiation environment measurements that may be useful for future human exploration, Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) which will chart the temperature of the entire lunar surface at approximately 300 meter horizontal resolution to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits, Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) which will map the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ice and frost in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. The technology demonstration is an advanced radar (mini-RF) that will demonstrate X- and S-band radar imaging and interferometry using light weight synthetic aperture radar. This paper will give an introduction to each of these instruments and an overview of their objectives.     

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

民用飞机情景识别系统试飞研究

由于平视显示器(HUD)、视景增强系统(EVS)以及合成视景系统(SVS)优秀的情景显示能力,HUD与EVS、SVS结合使用将显著提高飞行机组情景识别以及态势感知能力。同时,HUD与自动着陆系统结合使用可降低着陆和起飞时的最低天气标准。随着机组情景识别能力的提高,必须提出高效的试飞方法来验证情景识别系统的适航符合性,在分析EVS、SVS与HUD结合使用的基础上,提出综合的优化的民用飞机机组情景识别系统试飞方法以及基于任务的符合性判据。     

基于虚拟目标的大气层内拦截弹中制导律研究

导引头侧窗探测技术的采用和大气层内气动力的存在要求针对该空域内目标的拦截弹于中制导末端,在零攻角的情况下将目标收入侧窗视场内,并针对目标的预测脱靶量为0,以满足中末制导交班和末制导弹道平直性的要求.基于此,本文从中制导末端的视场角约束和预测脱靶量为0出发,分析拦截弹中制导末端应达到的理想位置和运动状态,并据此设置虚拟目标和终端约束,运用最优控制原理设计针对虚拟目标的优化导引律.Matlab仿真结果验证了该方法能有效地保证交班条件和脱靶量要求的满足.     

仿生计量学的新领域——视觉坐标测量机

介绍了当代仿生计量学的新领域视觉坐标测量机,并描述了各类视觉坐标测量机的特点、测量原理、应用领域、可以达到的测量准确度和发展前景。     

激光寻距器作可见物体测量

提出一种能从一幅图象中测出物体三维信息的激光寻距器,介绍了它的结构,并据此讨论了从二维图象到三维图象的变换算法和从表面到物体的识别方法。激光寻距器用于引导机器人焊接,证明可见物体的测量是成功的。     

投影栅相位法视觉检测技术研究

提出了一种新型的投影栅和相位法视觉检测系统,该系统由投射器将具有正弦分布的条纹投射到被测物体表面,利用不同方位投射条纹的相位来确定双目立体视觉中的对应匹配点。文中对该视觉检测系统进行了标定,建立了双目视觉传感器的三维测量数学模型,标定结果的平均误差为0.039 6mm,均方差为0.023 1mm,角度相对误差为0.2％。最后不仅给出了V型体表面测量的结果,角度相对误差为0.22％,同时还给出了V型体的三维重建图。     

基于轨迹规划的飞机发动机数字化安装技术研究

提出了基于视觉的发动机数字化安装系统的设计方案,运用齐次坐标变换进行了发动机在笛卡尔空间的离线轨迹规划,阐述了基于图像低秩矩阵复原的发动机位姿测量算法,提出了基于视觉的发动机在线轨迹规划方法。进行了发动机安装试验,试验结果表明,这种新型的数字化安装技术具有很好的稳定性、高效性和精确性。     

月球车的视觉和自主导航系统

基于当前对于月球车、火星登陆机器人等的研究结果，介绍了月球车的视觉系统、控制方案和路径规划方法，并提出了对于月球车的控制方案的见解和路径规划的一些方法。