微尺度聚合物熔体的非等温平板收缩流动数值仿真

聚合物流体的收缩流动行为是微注射成型工艺过程中影响分子取向与结构的重要因素。本文采用基于有限元求解法的通用CFD软件Fidap，结合适当的边界条件，实现了微尺度条件下聚合物熔体的4：1非等温平板收缩流动的数值模拟，所用流体粘度模型为Carrcau方程，有限元单元为4节点四边形网格。结果表明，流体下游速度明显高于上游速度，速度梯度在收缩人口处明显增大，下游压力梯度大于上游压力梯度，且最大剪切速率出现在收缩人口拐点处。将仿真结果同相关文献的结果相比较发现，仿真所得聚合物流体在收缩流动过程的速度、压力及剪切速率分布规律与其在宏观尺度下的结果具有定性一致性，而温度分布则存在一定偏差。因此，宏观收缩流动仿真研究中的控制方程及本构方程仍适用于微尺度条件下流体的等温收缩流动仿真研究，对非等温微流体收缩流动行为的研究则要对能量方程做进一步修正。     

热化学非平衡流场辐射特性数值计算

设计了耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流场计算方法,以适用于任意形状的网格。采用Jameson有限体积法求解耦合辐射源项的三维N-S方程。化学模型包含11个组元,20个化学反应。辐射源项通过直接求解辐射输运方程RTE获得。在空间和方向上分别离散后,利用有限体积法求解不同方向上的辐射输运方程,精确计算了波长为100-1500nm所有主要组元的吸收系数,逐条计算了目前已观测到的空气组元的原子谱线,而对分子的带状谱采用了带模型计算,并最终得到了驻点处辐射密度随波长变化的分布情况。     

牵制释放过程中火箭液体推进剂的建模研究

为进行牵制释放过程中火箭贮箱的承载分析,采用各向同性的固体材料模拟液体推进剂。论述了材料特性的选取依据,使用有限元程序NASTRAN对比分析了火箭充液贮箱的三种不同模型的模态,静态过载分析表明所采用的固体模型具有液体的相似属性,对比了在牵制过程贮箱几种模型的动力学响应曲线,并得出了贮箱在释放过程的承载曲线。证明了推进剂模型的有效性和合理性,解决了牵制释放过程中贮箱的承载分析问题。     

某支线客机总体方案中增升装置的设计与优化

针对某支线客机,从工程设计的角度,完成了该客机增升装置的气动优化设计。首先根据飞机的相关参数确定增升装置所要达到的气动目标,设计增升装置在机翼的展向和弦向的类型和布置方式,从而确定增升装置的总体设计方案。在二维增升装置设计中,使用NURBS曲线参数化拟合多段翼型缝道部分的外形,通过数值模拟方法和优化算法对三段翼型的缝道外形和缝道参数进行优化设计,最终确定了三段翼型起飞、着陆构型,提出一种二维三段翼型(前缘缝翼、主翼、后缘襟翼)的参数化优化设计方法。在三维增升装置设计中,根据增升装置在机翼展向和弦向的布置方式,取若干关键截面,按照三段翼型的优化结果生成三维增升装置。对三维增升起飞构型和着陆构型的气动特性分析评估表明,所设计的三维增升装置满足设定的气动目标。     

用于弹性旋翼流场模拟的网格变形方法研究

建立了一个基于改进"Ball-Vertex"的具有拓扑无关性的网格变形方法,用来精确模拟桨叶发生弹性变形后贴体网格的运动以及旋翼近场气动力环境,为更好地分析弹性变形对桨叶贴体网格的影响提供了一套解决方案.该网格变形方法从基本的弹簧模拟思路出发,用一网状弹簧系统来模拟桨叶贴体网格的变形和运动.在网格结点周围引入"Ball-Vertex"概念,通过添加相关的冗余约束,该方法保证网格结点在变形过程中不会越过与该点所对应的对角面,从而避免了畸形网格单元的产生,可有效地用于较大变形情况下的流场数值计算.使用所建立的方法,首先对绕二维翼型的结构网格和非结构网格进行了网格变形模拟,以表明方法的有效性;然后,将该方法应用于振荡翼型的流场数值求解,进一步验证了所建立的方法;最后,结合该网格变形方法和旋翼流场求解方法对弹性旋翼流场进行了数值计算.在此基础上,得出了一些有意义的结论.     

弹尾超声速轴对称喷流的正格式数值模拟(英文)

采用二阶正格式方法对超声速轴对称喷流流动进行数值模拟。将二维守恒方程的正格式方法发展到轴对称Euler方程组的求解,并对导弹尾部超声速伴随射流进行了数值计算。数值结果与实验照片所反映的流动特征吻合较好,与三阶精度间断有限元方法计算结果吻合,相比于二阶高分辨率TVD格式的计算结果,正格式方法的计算结果在间断点处具有较大的梯度变化。这表明该方法对激波具有较强的捕捉能力,在间断处不会出现数值振荡,对弹尾声音速伴随射流的数值模拟真实、有效。     

Experiment of gas plasma plume deflection by magnetic control

To investigate the deflection effect of gas plasma plume controlled by magnetic field, a novel experimental scheme was presented. The Cs2CO3 catalytic ionization seeds were injected into the combustion chamber to obtain gas plasma on a high temperature magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) experiment rig. The plasma jet was deflected under the action of an external magnetic field, resulting in a thrust-vector effect. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) collected two-dimensional images of jet flow field. Through image processing and velocity vector analysis, the jet deflection angle can be obtained quantitatively. At 1800-2500K, the jet deflection was verified experimentally under the condition of 0.45T magnetic field strength. The results indicate that the jet deflection angle increases gradually with the increase of gas temperature, and above 2200K, the jet deflection angle increase obviously. In the process of gas plasma jet, it is feasible to realize the jet deflection controlled by MHD by adding an external magnetic field.     

螺旋桨安装效应对无人机气动特性影响

为解决某型飞翼布局无人机(UAV)带动力构型风洞试验最大升阻比相对无动力状态大幅下降的问题,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对无人机无动力与带动力构型进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果分别与无动力以及带动力风洞试验数据吻合良好,在此基础上深入研究了螺旋桨安装效应对无人机气动特性的影响。结果表明:推力螺旋桨与机身之间气动干扰产生的低压区致使阻力增加,从而导致飞机最大升阻比相比无动力状态下降了30.7%。针对无人机在推力螺旋桨影响下出现的最大升阻比下降问题,采用增大螺旋桨与机身之间距离的方法可以有效地消除机身后部出现的低压区,减小了阻力,提升了无人机最大升阻比。桨毂拉长方案在8°和9°迎角下最大升阻比分别提升了17.3%和15.4%。     

Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease. The increase in the oxygen concentration in ullage ranges from 0.82% to 5.92% upon stimulation of heating and from 0.735% to 12.36% upon stimulation of a pressure decrease for an inert ullage in the simulations. The heating accelerates the release of the dissolved oxygen from the fuel by increasing the mass transfer rate in the mass transfer source and decreasing the pressure, thereby accelerating the dissolved oxygen evolution by increasing the concentration difference between the gas and the fuel. The time constant that represents the oxygen evolution rate is independent of the initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert tank but depends closely on the fuel load, temperature and pressure. The time constant can be fitted using a polynomial equation relating the fuel load to temperature in the heating stimulation with an accuracy of 4.77%. Upon stimulation of a pressure decrease, the time constant can be expressed in terms of the fuel load and the pressure, with an accuracy of 5.02%.     

Analysis of pressure characteristics under laminar and turbulent flow states inside the pilot stage of a deflection flapper servo-valve: Mathematical modeling with CFD study and experimental validation

Electro-hydraulic servo-valves are widely used components in the mechanical industry, aerospace and aerodynamic devices which precisely control the airplane or missile wings. Due to the small size and complex structure in the pilot stage of deflection flapper servo-valves, accurate mathematical models for the flow and pressure characteristics have always been very difficult to be built. In this paper, mathematical models for the pilot stage of deflection flapper servo-valve are investigated to overcome some gaps between the theoretical formulation and overall performance of the valve by considering different flow states. Here, a mathematical model of the velocity distribution at the flapper groove exit is established by using Schlichting velocity equations for in-compressible laminar fluid flow. Moreover, when the flow becomes turbulent, a mathematical model of pressure characteristics in the receiving ports is built on the basis of the assumption of the collision between the liquid and the jet as the impact of the jet on a moving block of fluid particles. To verify the analytical models for both laminar and turbulent flows, the pressure characteristics of the deflection flapper pilot stage are calculated and tested by using numerical simulation and experiment. Experimental verification of the theory is also presented. The computed numerical and analytical results show a good agreement with experimental data.