螺栓轴向紧固力的超声测量

叙述了超声波与螺栓应力之间的理论关系及基实验证明。以此为基础制成的仪器可直接测出螺栓的轴向紧固力。在大量采用螺给作为紧固件的航天领域，该项技术可保障各类火箭及其他构件的工作可靠性。     

超声波喷嘴试验研究

对超声波喷嘴的工作原理及工作特性进行了理论分析和试验研究,利用计算机图象处理技术重点研究了压电器件材料物性参数d33、激励电压A、喷射压力p、喷孔直径d0、喷嘴腔纵向尺寸δ及激励频率f对射流液滴形成的影响。研究表明：较低的射流压力和较小的喷孔直径以及较大的d33压电器件都有利于液滴的形成和工作稳定性,而激励频率f和喷嘴腔纵向距离δ都存在着最佳值。这些结论可以指导喷印机超声波喷嘴的设计。     

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on finished quality in ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling of Inconel718

Inconel718 was machined with the traditional micromilling (TMM) and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling (UVAMM) with the different technology parameters, whose surface quality and burrs formation were studied. The results show that TMM often forms pits, bumps and gullies in the size effect range. UVAMM effectively improves the surface quality compared with TMM. The surface defects are significantly reduced with the increase of feed per tooth (ƒ_z). When ƒ_z exceeds 4 μm, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality is no longer obvious. The minimum burr size on the down milling side and the up milling side are 50.23 μm and 36.57 μm, respectively. The feasibility of vibration cutting in improving surface quality and suppressing burr size was verified. UVAMM effectively suppresses the formation of built-up edge, which can significantly improve the micromilling process. The cutting force is obtained through simulation and experiment. They are agreement in the change trend. The finite element simulation can be used to predict the cutting force. Compared with TMM, feeding force (F_x), radial force (F_y) and axial force (F_z) of UVAMM decrease by 7.6%, 11.5% and 1.3%, respectively.     

Thermomechanical coupling effect on characteristics of oxide film during ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID grinding ZTA ceramics

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID (UVA-ELID) grinding is utilized as a novel and highly efficient processing method for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. In this study, the UVA-ELID grinding ZTA ceramics is employed to investigate the influence of thermomechanical loading on the characteristics of oxide film. Based on the fracture mechanics of material, the model of internal stress for oxide film damage is proposed. The thermomechanical loading is composed of mechanical force and the thermal stress generating from grinding temperature. The theoretical model is established for the mechanical force, thermal stress and internal stress respectively. Then the finite element analysis method is used to simulate the theoretical model. The mechanical force and grinding temperature is measured during the actual grinding test. During the grinding process, the effect of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth on the thermomechanical force and the characteristics of oxide film is analyzed. Compared with the conventional ELID (C-ELID) grinding, the mechanical force decreased by 25.6% and 22.4% with the increase of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth respectively, and the grinding temperature declined by 10.7% and 12.8% during the UVA-ELID grinding. The thermal stress in the latter decreased by 16.3% and 20.8% respectively, and internal stress reduced by 12.3% and 15.6%. It was experimentally found that the topographies of oxide layer on the surface of the wheel and the machined surface in the latter was better than that in the former. The results indicate that the action of ultrasonic vibration establish a significant effect on the processing. Subsequently, it should be well considered for future reference when processing the ZTA ceramics.     

超声辅助等离子体中微细电火花加工技术研究

冷等离子体射流中微细电火花加工在一定程度上获得了比纯气体介质中更好的加工性能。然而由于放电脉冲能量小,造成放电间隙小,使得电蚀产物排出困难,短路、拉弧等不正常放电现象仍然频繁发生,严重影响了加工的质量和稳定性。为此,提出在工件上施加超声振动的方法以改善冷等离子体射流中微细电火花加工过程的稳定性,并探究其加工特性。针对电火花加工的击穿距离、材料去除率、表面粗糙度以及工具电极相对损耗率等工艺指标,进行了工艺试验。试验结果表明:工件施加超声振动以后,熔融的电蚀产物更容易从工件表面剥离;当以冷等离子体和压缩空气混合射流为加工介质时,超声辅助等离子体中微细电火花加工性能得以明显改善,材料去除率提高13%,表面粗糙度降低19%,电极相对损耗率降低13%。     

点焊接头超声C扫描图像分析及焊核直径测量

采用超声波扫描显微镜获取了点焊接头C扫描图像,分析点焊接头C扫描图像灰度值的分布特征,提出了一种对焊核边缘、焊核直径进行快速检测分析的方法;对不同焊接工艺参数下的不锈钢点焊接头进行表面检测,对比分析基于C扫描图像的焊点检测结果与实际测量值。结果表明,通过这种测量方法不但可以快速得到焊核边缘及焊核尺寸,而且避免了人为因素的影响;与实际测量结果相对比,两者之间相差较小,证实了该检测方法的可行性。     

采用超声波电机的空间飞网自适应收口机构设计

介绍了一种采用超声波电机作为驱动源的空间飞网自适应收口机构（质量块）的设计及实现方法。通过分析捕获过程中质量块运动情况,研究超声波电机电流与负载的关系,确定以加速度信号和电流信号作为电机启动和停止的触发信号,在此基础上设计并实现了质量块的驱动控制系统。通过在电机输出轴与卷筒间加入差动轮系构成双卷筒机构,力学分析证实了该机构在负载不均衡情况下的自适应性。分析证明该机构使飞网的捕获操作对捕获平台的精度要求降低,有容错能力。同时使收口机构在部分质量块故障时也能完成捕获任务。     

评定复合材料的超声换能器的研制

由于复合材料结构的特殊性,对检测用的超声换能器提出了较高要求。论文系统分析了换能器的振动等效电路和振动方程,详细讨论了影响换能器性能的主要因素,成功研制出了符合使用要求的换能器。     

超声波检测二元气体成份技术研究

本文从超声波在二元气体中传播的物理机制出发 ,推导了二元混合气体浓度与超声波声时及温度的关系 ,为超声波检测二元气体成份提供了理论依据。本文还介绍了超声波检测实验结构原理以及超声波在二元气体中传播特性实验结果 ;本文对氯气与空气混合气体进行了实验测定 ,实验结果表明其浓度测量误差小于± 0 .5 %     

固液火箭发动机中燃料热解速率的测量与分析

固液火箭发动机中,内弹道的计算、流场与性能分析等都需要确定燃料表面的退移速度,常规的热重分析、差热分析因升温速率太慢,与发动机环境的高升温速率差别很大,得到的热解速率误差大。采用了热板实验装置测量高升温速率环境下的固体燃料退移速率。采用高速摄影和超声波传感器进行动态测量,对比了摄影测量和超声波测量的结果,得到了超声波测量得到了热解过程中的退移速率与低密度聚乙烯表面温度的关系。