超声波喷丸技术的研究进展

对近年来获得高度关注的超声波喷丸技术进行了介绍,超声波喷丸技术能实现材料表面纳米化、强化金属材料性能,并能实现板料的成形或校形,该技术因方便操作、重复性好、无污染、噪音小,在许多领域得到广泛应用.综述了超声波喷丸技术目前国内外研究和应用现状,对表面强化机理、表面纳米化及喷丸成形的研究做了重点介绍,在归纳总结的基础上,对超声波喷丸技术的发展及研究方向进行了展望.     

固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断

针对固体火箭发动机的钢壳、绝热层、衬层、推进剂多层粘接结构的粘接质量检测问题,利用聚焦探头采用斜声束液浸反射回波法,选用往返透射率高的板波模式,特别是采用了双模式检测技术以提高检测信号能量,获得有效检测信号,并开发出了检测系统。通过一次C扫描获得了双层包覆三个界面粘接质量诊断图像,其脱粘检测分辨率≤Φ5 mm。采用聚集探头双模式检测技术实现了固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断。     

制作微结构的超声复合加工机理

提出了制作微结构的超声复合加工方法,分析了超声、超声复合电火花、超声复合电解微细加工机理。用微细放电组合工艺制作了多种截形微细工具电极;完善试验系统,进行了多种材料、形状微结构超声复合加工试验。结果表明:超声加工是制作硬脆材料微结构的有效方法;超声复合电火花制作金属材料微结构有较好的精度及加工稳定性;超声复合电解加工兼有效率高、精度好的技术优势。     

纳米石墨薄片的制备、表征与应用

为了获得适宜于同聚合物进行纳米复合的纳米石墨薄片(NGS),采用微波膨化制备膨胀石墨(EG),利用超声剥离与表面修饰获得NGS,并借助SEM、XRD、FTIR等分析其微观结构。结果表明:EG由许多厚100-300 nm的石墨薄片连接而成并形成网络结构,孔隙尺寸约几十纳米到几十微米;通过对EG的超声剥离可破坏其原有网络结构并将石墨晶片进一步剥离为大量30-60 nm厚的石墨薄片;石墨微波膨化与超声剥离过程中微观形貌的变化及其表面活性基团的引入,有利于进一步借助插层法实现聚合物与石墨的纳米复合。     

超声波换能器性能指标测试方法的研究

介绍了一种新的超声波换能器灵敏度的测试方法，排除了常规测试方法中仪器对它的影响。对超声波换能器的频率特性测试，采用了一种简便，经济，实用的方法，并给出了测试结果。     

喷管台阶形壳体粘接面脱粘超声探伤研究

研制了一种小角度超声纵波特种斜探头，用于台阶形金属／非金属异形复合构件粘接界面的检测，选择了探头材质，计算了入射倾角，建立了伤方法及判伤标准，并在对比试块及实际产品上进行了检测，证明了该探头及方法适用于该特定形状产品的探伤，并对类似异种形面产品的探伤有参考意义。     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

基于相控阵超声的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位技术研究

传统的射线照相检测技术仍是铝合金熔焊缝缺陷的主要检测方式,由于传统射线照相检测无法测量缺陷在焊缝高度方向上的尺寸和位置,在缺陷的定位和排除方面存在不足,从而加大缺陷排除的工作量,甚至由于缺陷排除方向错误造成焊缝挖穿,影响补焊质量.相控阵超声检测技术通过接收缺陷回波来实现缺陷检测,可以反映缺陷的尺寸和位置信息.本文采用Omni Scan MX相控阵超声检测仪和5L64-A2相控阵探头针对对比试块、铝合金熔焊缝缺陷进行了定位技术研究,并与缺陷微观测量、宏观测量的结果进行对比,结果表明基于相控阵超声检测的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位检测结果与微观检测结果基本一致,可以采用相控阵超声检测技术进行铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位.     

薄板焊缝中超声TOFD检测方法浅析

回顾了超声TOFD检测方法,分析了超声TOFD近表面盲区的形成原因和3种改善近表面检测盲区的方法,包括TOFDW、S-TOFD以及基于希尔伯特黄变换的缺陷信号处理方法,并进行了典型的检测试验分析。利用TOFDW方法,TOFD表面检测盲区可达2mm。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.