空间光学遥感器热控技术研究

分析了遥感器与卫星平台的热控差异,总结了近年来遥感器热控需求的变化,阐述了基于多学科集成的遥感器STOP设计模式,介绍了高精度/高稳定度温度控制、大功耗热量传输、深低温热量传输、Robust热控等适应遥感器热控需求的新技术研究及应用情况。对我国空间光学遥感器热控技术的研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

空间天文望远镜主动制冷焦面结构设计、分析与热实验

对某天文卫星的可见光望远镜载荷CCD焦面工作温度需求进行了分析计算。为满足CCD焦面 -65℃ 的工作温度需求,设计了主动制冷焦面结构。采用有限元方法分析了工作温度下热电制冷器和导热胶产生的热应力,结果表明热电制冷器最大应力为14Mpa,导热胶最大剪切应力为1.2Mpa,均处于许用安全应力内。研制的焦面组件模拟件顺利通过了真空热试验,验证了焦面组件的制冷性能与安全性。     

贴壁浇注装药两种应力释放结构对比分析

基于线性粘弹性本构模型,对应力释放槽和衬垫结构两种用于贴壁浇注装药结构的应力释放结构方案在固化降温中的应力释放效果进行了研究。结果表明:应力释放槽和衬垫结构在固化降温中的应力分布无显著差别。应力释放槽结构的应力分布,连续平缓效果更好。     

基于热响应的卫星推进剂剩余量测量方法研究

介绍了基于热响应法的卫星推进剂剩余量在轨测量方法的原理,给出了国外在Telstar 11,LM 3000,BSS601平台日本通信卫星,Turksat 1C卫星的应用情况。给出了将该方法用于国内卫星的设想,并归纳了推进剂在轨空间分布高精度仿真、带液条件下贮箱内复杂传热过程高精度热仿真、贮箱与整星耦合热分析仿真等关键技术。     

Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements

To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging.     

适用于月面高温环境的嫦娥三号地形地貌相机热设计

“嫦娥三号暠月面探测器上安装的地形地貌相机工作时直接暴露在月面高温环境下,受月表红外辐射影响很大,给热控设计带来很大难题。为解决设备工作时的高温问题,在外热流分析的基础上提出了以“最佳散热位置暠为核心的热控方案,设备处于“最佳散热位置暠时能够获得较好的初始温度和最快的降温速率;另外通过把散热面布置在月表红外辐射热流最小的位置并在除散热面以外的其他表面包覆多层隔热组件这两个措施,可以最大程度减小月表红外辐射的影响。地形地貌相机在轨开机工作前的各飞行阶段遥测数据均满足存储温度指标要求并且有较大余量;开机工作环拍一周的遥测数据满足工作温度指标要求并且与热分析结果符合较好,初始温度与遥测温度数据偏差为-1灡7曟,温升速率和降温速率偏差分别为14灡9%和16灡9%。这表明该热控方案正确可行,可为后续中国深空探测类似热控问题参考。     

液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环热-结构分析

为了研究一款液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环工作状态下的结构变形,拓展并验证了一种包括流动-传热分析和非线性有限元分析的热-结构分析方法。通过该方法得到了推力室热载荷与压力载荷分布,并分析了推力室在这些载荷下的应力应变响应。研究表明：推力室整体结构变形并非主要取决于热载荷,压力载荷引起的冷却通道底面弯曲在喷管扩张段尤其明显;后冷阶段产生的弹塑性拉伸应变大于热试阶段产生的压缩应变是导致每次循环结束后结构产生残余应变的直接原因;随着工作循环次数的增加,扩张段的冷却通道底角位置残余应变累积速率最快,该部位被确定为结构失效的潜在位置;增加冷却剂入口附近的通道底面厚度、减小后冷阶段与热试阶段的温差以及将冷却通道的尖锐底角设计为圆角可以成为抑制变形和减缓应变累积的备选措施。     

Yarkovsky-Schach effect on space debris motion

The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is a small perturbation affecting Earth satellites and space debris illuminated by the Sun. It was first applied to the orbit of LAGEOS satellites as an explanation of the residuals in orbital elements. In this work, we carry out several numerical integration tests taking into consideration various orbit and rotation parameters, in order to analyse this effect in a broader context. The semi-major axis variations remain small and depend on the spin axis attitude with respect to the Sun. We show that the force amplitude is maximised for orbits inclined with $i\approx$?20–30°. We also observe the influence on other orbital elements, notably on the orbit inclination. However, these effects are clearly observed only on long timescales; in our simulations, we propagated the orbits for 200?y. The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is thus confirmed to have a minuscule magnitude. It should be taken into account in studies requiring high-precision orbit determination, or on expanded timescales.     

AIT环境对卫星热控白漆性能影响的试验

热控白漆喷涂之后至卫星发射之前需要经过数个月的部件组装和测试（AIT）阶段,AIT环境是否影响热控白漆的性能是一个疑问。将与卫星天线相同热控ACR-1白漆的试验膜放置在AIT环境中,对其吸收率和发射率进行了六次测量。通过测量数据,对比分析了AIT过程中温度、湿度、洁净度等环境因素对热控白漆性能的影响程度。结果表明,在试验周期内,ACR-1白漆的吸收率和发射率变化量不大,对白漆性能可靠性的影响度不明显;洁净度对ACR-1白漆的吸收率影响较大。因此,在AIT阶段卫星环境应保持较高的洁净度。     

太阳能火箭发动机吸热/推力室流场及性能计算

首先对某大型太阳能火箭发动机(Solar Thermal Propulsion:STP)的实验情况,进行了结构分析和基本实验条件估算.然后利用FLUENT计算软件,采用等壁温模型,对其吸热/推力室的内部流动、传 热情况,以及STP的性能特征等进行了计算,计算结果与实验数据一致,这对STP的设计有重要的指导意义.