Response of a pentagonal PZT element as a component of a 4π-real-time detector

The detector characteristics of a pentagonal element were studied by colliding it with hypervelocity micro-particles. A charge-sensitive amplifier was developed for the element of its capacitance ∼10 nF. The output amplitudes were expressed as a linear function of the momentum at collision. Empirical formulas obtained from on-ground experiments could be used for the calibration of the detector. The pentagonal element was potential to measure the momentum during collision from the output amplitude. A set of electrodes on the surface was used to confirm the measurement of the coordinates at collision. A possible application of this pentagonal element on a real-time dust detector was discussed.     

C^4ISR系统效能评估技术研究

C^4ISR系统评估环境的构建对C^4ISR系统效能评估至关重要。本文深入分析了C^4ISR系统特点和评估需求，提出了效能评估思路，设计了基于HLA的评估环境基本构架和C^4ISR系统模型体系结构，该研究对C^4ISR系统鉴定具有重要现实意义。     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

Sensing snow height and surface temperature variations in Greenland from GPS reflected signals

The in situ measurements of snow surface temperature (SST) and snow height (SH) are very difficult with high costs, particularly in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Since the snow depth variations coupling with surface temperature are related to GPS multipath, it is possible to estimate the snow depth and surface air temperature variations by incorporating GPS-Reflectometry (GPS-R). In this paper, the reflected signals from ground GPS receivers are used to sense the SST and SH variations based on the thermophysical behavior and variations of snow layer from April to June 2010 at SMM1 site and from March to December 2010 at MARG site in Greenland. The results show that the mean daily changes in the ionospheric geometrical-free linear combination (GPS-L4) of dual-frequency GPS signals are related to daily SST and SH variations. The nonparametric bootstrapping model in direct (forward) and inverse models are developed and applied to estimate the SST and SH variations. The mean biases of SST and SH estimates are 0.18 °C and 0.23 m at SMM1 site, respectively, and 3.8 °C and 0.13 m at MARG site, respectively.     

硫源种类对微波合成CZTS颗粒与薄膜性能的影响

研究不同硫源对微波液相合成的Cu２ＺｎＳｎＳ４（CZTS）纳米颗粒尺寸及形貌的影响。结果表明：当采用硫脲作为硫源时,所制备的CZTS纳米颗粒为平均尺寸500 nm的球状结构纳米颗粒;采用L 半胱氨酸作为硫源所制备的CZTS纳米颗粒为50 nm的空心球状纳米颗粒;而当使用硫代乙酰胺作为硫源制备CZTS纳米颗粒,其平均尺寸仅为3 nm。采用 平均尺寸为500 nm或50 nm的纳米颗粒制备墨水,将墨水旋涂到衬底上时,其致密性很差,明显存在许多孔洞。当采用平均尺寸为3 nm的纳米颗粒制作墨水,并将其制成薄膜时,薄膜致密性与均匀性都比较好。将最佳的预制薄膜进行硫化处理,其结晶性明显提高,并得到转化效率为2.1%的CZTS太阳电池。     

东四平台卫星热试验中的关键技术

东四平台系列卫星对真空热试验期间的星上转发器在轨工作状态模拟、星表高/低热流模拟、星体吊装与水平支撑和污染控制等提出了较高要求。文章对微波负载能量耗散试验技术、红外灯阵设计、液氮冷板设计、卫星吊装与支撑技术、污染控制及星内真空度监测技术等在该系列卫星热试验中的成功应用与完善进行了分析、总结。     

对英语专业四级成绩的多元线性回归分析

本研究以英语专业大学生为调查对象,旨在分析英语专业大学生学习动机和努力程度对专业四级成绩的预测能力,以及不同类型动机和努力程度间的关系。统计结果表明,学习动机和努力程度对专四成绩均有一定的预测能力;积极动机与努力程度间存在显著的正相关关系。英语专业教师应当有针对性地增强学生的积极动机,弱化消极动机,以提高学生的努力程度和学业水平。     

面向映射单调性的TC4初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法

随着被检对象微观组织结构复杂信息的增加,以误差最小为目标来建立有效的评价曲线越来越难,针对这一问题提出了一种以单调性为目标的TC4钛合金初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法。依据相关性度量从多个超声参数中选取有效参数,经映射函数降成单维参数并归一化处理后与晶粒尺寸进行一次项拟合,构建以单调性（特征参数样本点依次序列差值同时为正或为负）最大为目标的优化问题并结合自适应差分进化（SADE）算法进行求解,寻找最佳的映射函数和拟合函数系数,最终建立映射单调性的多参数超声评价模型。实验结果表明,因考虑了单调性的重要性且与误差为目标的评价模型相比,所建模型的评价效应更显优势。与单一参数的声速模型、衰减系数模型和非线性系数模型对比分析,所建模型误差小、单调性好、性能稳定且有着评价结果精度高等特点。     

IE4超超高效率电动机系列产品的开发

IE4超超高效率为目前全球统一的最高的电动机能效等级。着重介绍了达到IE4效率等级的4个系列产品:YZTE4系列(IP55)铸铜转子三相异步电动机,YE4系列(IP55)三相异步电动机(H80~355),YE4系列(IP55)低压大功率三相异步电动机,TYE4系列(IP55)自起动永磁同步电动机。     

TC4合金低塑性抛光过程数值模拟

为了研究低塑性抛光工艺参数对材料表面性能的影响,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对TC4合金板材低塑性抛光表面强化过程进行了数值模拟。运用单因素试验法分别分析了液压油预压力、滚压速度、滚压道次、进给量4个工艺参数对表面残余应力的影响。结果表明:液压油预压力对残余应力分布影响最大,增加液压油预压力可使残余压应力层深度明显增加;滚压速度和滚压道次主要影响表面残余应力,表面残余压应力随滚压速度减小和滚压道次增加而增大;进给量对残余应力分布均匀性有显著影响,减小进给量可使均匀性增高。通过对比残余应力分布,建议液压油预压力设为450 N,滚压速度取为10 mm/s,进给量取为0.1 mm,滚压道次选择为3次。研究结果可为TC4合金低塑性抛光试验工艺参数选取提供理论参考。