Observations of loops and prominences

We review recent observations by the Yohkoh-SXT in collaboration with other spacecraft and ground-based observatories of coronal loops and prominences. These new results point to problems that SoHO will be able to address. With a unique combination of rapid-cadence digital imaging (32 s full-disk and 2 s partial-frame images), high spatial resolution (2.5 arcsec pixels), high sensitivity (EM 10⁴² cm^–3), a low-scatter mirror, and large dynamic range, SXT can observe a vast range of targets on the Sun. Over the first 21 months of Yohkoh operations, SXT has taken over one million images of the corona and so is building up an invaluable long-term database on the large-scale corona and loop geometry. The most striking thing about the SXT images is the range of loop sizes and shapes. The active regions are a bright tangle of magnetic field lines, surrounded by a network of large-scale quiet-Sun loops stretching over distances in excess of 10⁵ km. The cross-section of most loops seems to be constant. Loops displaying significant increase in the ratio of the footpoint to loop-top diameter () are the exception, not the rule, implying the presence of widespread currents in the corona.All magnetic structures show changes. Time scales range from seconds to months. The question of how these structures are formed, become filled with hot plasma, and are maintained is still open. While we see the propagation of brightenings along the length of active-region loops and in X-ray jets with velocities of several hundred km/s, much higher velocities are seen in the quiet Sun. In XBP flares, for example, velocities of over 1000 km/s are common. Active-region loops seem to be in constant motion, moving slowly outward, carrying plasma with them. During flares, loops often produce localized brightenings at the base and later at the apex of the loop. Quiescent filaments and prominences have been observed regularly. Their coronal manifestation seems to be an extended arcade of loops overlying the filament. Reliable alignment of the ground-based data with the X-ray images make it possible to make a detailed intercomparison of the hot and cold plasma structures over extended periods. Hence we are able to follow the long-term evolution of these structures and see how they become destabilized and erupt.     

一种新颖的瞬时浮点放大器

介绍了瞬时浮点放大器的原理及构成，并给出一种结构新的具有２５６阶的瞬时浮点放大器，可有效地提高数据采集系统的测量范围。     

开关寿命连续型不可修冷、温贮备系统的可靠性分析及其随机模拟

本文对由n个部件组成的、开关寿命为连续型随机变量的不可修冷、温贮备系统作了可靠性分析,建立了这两类系统的一般模型,给出了冷贮备系统可靠度R_n(t)及平均寿命MTTF的一般形式解。并在指数分布场合下,给出了R_n(t)及MTTF的解析表达式。当部件贮备寿命相互独立同分布时,温贮备系统可以通过一个虚设的开关变量而归结为冷贮备系统。对一般的贮备系统,可以运用数理统计方法,根据样本给出R_n(t)及MTTF的估计。文末利用随机模拟方法,构造所需样本,便可获得R_n(t)及MTTF的数值估计。实例表明,随机模拟的结果是令人满意的。     

海洋平台在组合载荷作用下的随机域可靠性分析

本文对海洋平台在风、浪及海流等多种载荷组合作用下的可靠性进行了分析计算，采用优选随机载单元法进行结构数的随机域离散。文中的海洋平台算例结构表明了优选随机域单元法的高效性，以及在海洋工程的结构系统可靠性计算中的考虑载荷组合作用的必要性。     

疲劳裂纹扩展随机过程相关参数的估计

对数正态随机过程模型是可靠性与损伤容限分析中常用的裂纹扩展随机模型.在裂纹扩展对数正态随机过程模型的基础上,建立了由试验数据估计一般平稳正态随机过程相关参数的方法.应用这种方法可以直接由试验数据估计随机过程的相关参数.同时,给出了用Monte-Carlo方法估算置信区间的方法.最后,给出了用具体试验数据,这组试验数据共有237个数据点,估计随机过程相关参数的算例.     

研究用现场数据估计系统可靠性参数置信区间

研究用元部件现场信息估计系统可靠性参数,如系统可靠度、可靠寿命等区间估计问题。文中提出了一种新的估计方法——替换百分点法,并运用Monte Carlo数字仿真对估计的置信度和精度进行了分析,研究结果表明此方法具有工程应用价值。     

A new structural reliability index based on uncertainty theory

The classical probabilistic reliability theory and fuzzy reliability theory cannot directly measure the uncertainty of structural reliability with uncertain variables,i.e.,subjective random and fuzzy variables.In order to simultaneously satisfy the duality of randomness and subadditivity of fuzziness in the reliability problem,a new quantification method for the reliability of structures is presented based on uncertainty theory,and an uncertainty-theory-based perspective of classical Cornell reliability index is explored.In this paper,by introducing the uncertainty theory,we adopt the uncertain measure to quantify the reliability of structures for the subjective probability or fuzzy variables,instead of probabilistic and possibilistic measures.We utilize uncertain variables to uniformly represent the subjective random and fuzzy parameters,based on which we derive solutions to analyze the uncertainty reliability of structures with uncertainty distributions.Moreover,we propose the Cornell uncertainty reliability index based on the uncertain expected value and variance.Experimental results on three numerical applications demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

维修方案项目优化的可靠性分析方法

通过可靠性管理对民用航空器维修方案的动态监控,实施对维修方案项目执行情况的跟踪和可靠性分析,以机队实际运行数据为背景,提出对维修方案项目管理系统性的优化和管理方法,以使航空公司的维修方案更加符合机队的实际使用和维护特点,进一步提高机队的运行效率、降低维修成本和提高航班准点率。     

基于CCSDS标准的航天器上行遥控链路 协议体系与可靠性技术

针对航天测控领域中上行遥控业务的协议体系选择与可靠性设计问题,在对我国现行国军标技术指标要求与现有航天测控系统天地基遥控技术特点进行归纳梳理的基础上,基于空间段信息传输无线链路特点与CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)标准规范,研究给出了适用于我国航天测控任务的空间段遥控协议体系与可靠性措施,利用梳理统计方法对上行遥控体制进行了数学建模分析,并与CCSDS给出的应用算例进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,所涉及的上行遥控体制与CCSDS标准规范的工作效能基本相当,能够满足我国航天任务上行遥控任务使用需求.     

α-l型区间可靠性分析方法及其工程应用

在区间非概率可靠性模型的基础上,以区间长度l和区间下限α为结构系统变量的输入参数,重新定义了一种新的可靠性指标,分析得到了这种可靠性分析方法的判定依据;在此基础上,在线性和非线性条件下讨论了结构可靠度的计算方法.以某型飞机防冰引气管结构为例,进一步探讨了所提方法在共振可靠性分析当中的工程应用.