基于机电阻抗方法的连接接头螺钉松动损伤识别研究

飞机在飞行过程中,机翼蒙皮的螺钉在反复载荷的作用下会发生松动、甚至脱落损伤,对飞机的飞行安全埋下隐患。及时发现此类损伤并采取有效措施可以提高飞机的安全性。针对此类损伤,设计了硬铝合金板连接接头的螺钉松动损伤模式,应用机电阻抗的试验方法对其进行了识别研究。试验结果表明：当选择恰当的频率范围时,随着螺钉松动损伤程度的增加,压电片与结构组成系统的RMSD（Root Mean Square Deviation）指标增加,两者表现出单调函数关系,应用RMSD损伤指标可以识别螺钉松动损伤程度,且对小的损伤更加敏感。     

寿命系数定寿的原理和方法

通过对疲劳载荷谱损伤值的研究,发现金属材料的疲劳寿命与疲劳试验载荷谱损伤值成线性关系,即金属材料的疲劳寿命随疲劳试验载荷谱的轻重成线性关系。由此规律推导出寿命系数,通过寿命系数可以降低全尺构件的疲劳试验时间。根据已有的疲劳试验数据研究的寿命系数值显示,在平均谱(疲劳损伤值为50%)基础上加重至58.33%损伤谱可降低全尺寸疲劳试验时间11%,75%损伤谱可降低36%,91.5%损伤谱可降低51%。由此得出:为了减少全尺疲劳试验时间,可以用加重载荷谱进行全尺寸疲劳试验,获得重谱下的寿命,再利用样件的寿命系数将其还原到平均谱下的平均寿命,然后用规范规定的疲劳分散系数除以平均寿命,给出使用寿命。这样既实现了减少疲劳试验时间的目的,又不违背规范规定的疲劳分散数值,使飞机定寿既经济又可靠。     

真实蜂巢的力学分析和航天载荷结构仿生设计

自然界的真实蜂巢与工业上常用的蜂窝三明治夹层结构存在构型上的差异。对比二者的差异并分别进行三维建模。然后利用有限元分析方法,对二者因结构差异而导致的力学性能的差异进行对比分析,得到两种结构在受到轴向力和径向力时其变形和内部应力分布的区别。通过对仿真结果的分析,揭示真实蜂巢在力学性能方面所具备的独特生物学智慧,且将真实蜂巢独特的力学性能特性应用到某些航天载荷的结构设计上,取得了良好的效果。     

多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断

针对多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断问题,提出一种直接估计舵面偏转量的自适应补偿观测器方法。首先,设计了增广观测器进行系统输入估计,并提出了自适应补偿方法解决其动态跟踪性能差的问题;其次,设计了一种新的自适应阈值以快速检测故障并降低虚警率;最后,利用舵面故障特点,采用重置初值的限定记忆最小二乘方法实现了对突变参数的实时估计,用以进行故障隔离。仿真结果表明:在不同的舵面损伤故障情况下,所提出的观测器方法能在20 ms内发出故障预警,并在0.22 s内确定故障位置,所采用的辨识方法可以在故障报警后的0.2 s内准确估计出损伤程度。     

复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测方法与模型

针对多部位损伤(MSD)复杂结构部件的疲劳寿命预测问题,通过定义损伤临界值随机变量,分析、讨论了寿命概率分布、损伤概率分布、损伤临界值概率分布的属性及其之间的关系,研究了概率损伤累积原理,提出确定累积损伤临界值概率分布的方法,建立了概率累积损伤准则。基于多层次统计分析技术和系统层可靠性建模原理,构建了复杂结构部件的概率寿命预测模型;通过各关键部位的损伤累积和结构系统的失效概率计算,实现了复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测,通过典型算例展示了方法及模型的应用。     

基于流固热耦合模型的并行电弧损伤影响分析

电弧故障可以释放很高的能量,对周围一定距离的物体和导线造成危害,其产生的热量甚至可以引起火灾。首先,理论分析电弧的能量在管路上的分配及其造成的影响,使用流固热耦合的数值计算方法,用于模拟流体和固体之间的实时热量交换。建立了有限元模型,对电弧损伤影响进行数值仿真研究,建立了电弧能量分配方程。最后,分析了直流28 V和交流115 V供电条件下的电弧损伤影响程度,验证了所建立的电弧能量分配方程的预测能力。仿真结果表明：电弧故障使得金属发生相变,其损伤影响程度与电弧功率系数、能量耗散因数等有关;当电弧功率增大后,管路相变吸收的能量所占电弧总能量的比重就越大;电弧功率系数是一个与管路和电弧位置间距有关的指数函数。     

Multiscale modeling of mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 3D angle-interlock woven aluminum composites subjected to warp/weft directional tension loading

The mechanical behavior and progressive damage mechanism of novel aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 3D angle-interlock woven carbon fibers were investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. The mechanical properties and failure of yarns were evaluated using a microscale model under different loading scenarios. On this basis, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze the tensile behavior and failure mechanism of the composites. The interfacial decohesion, matrix damage, and failure of fibers and yarns were incorporated into the microscopic and mesoscopic models. The stress–strain curves and fracture modes from simulation show good agreement with the experimental curves and fracture morphology. Local interface and matrix damage initiate first under warp directional tension. Thereafter, interfacial failure, weft yarn cracking, and matrix failure occur successively. Axial fracture of warp yarn, which displays a quasi-ductile fracture characteristic, dominates the ultimate composites failure. Under weft directional tension, interfacial failure and warp yarn rupture occur at the early and middle stages. Matrix failure and weft yarn fracture emerge simultaneously at the final stage, leading to the cata-strophic failure of composites. The weft directional strength and fracture strain are lower than the warp directional ones because of the lower weft density and the more serious brittle fracture of weft yarns.     

Principles and methods for determining calendar life and corrosion tolerance of mechanical parts

In order to facilitate the determination of the calendar life of mechanical parts, the author summarized his relevant research papers that had studied for many years as eight distinct topics: (A). The principle and method for compiling the equal-damage temperature and humidity spectrum; (B). The principle for preparing the high concentration medium solution; (C). The principle and method for determining the metal calendar life; (D). The principle and method for determining the protective coating calendar life; (E). The principle and method for determining the total calendar life; (F). The principle of the reliability processing; (G). The principle and method for determining the corrosion damage tolerance; (H). The principle and matching design method to ensure that the total fatigue life and the total calendar life of the mechanical part were safe simultaneously. The above contents established a complete set of theoretical systems and methods for determining the calendar life.     

Structural design and optimization for vent holes of an industrial turbine sealing disk

Severe stress concentration occurs around circular vent holes of an industrial turbine sealing disk. This paper investigates the structural design and optimization for the vent holes to effectively reduce the maximum von Mises stress and improve the fatigue life of the turbine sealing disk. An efficient integrated design optimization method is presented based on a novel non-circular vent hole design method in combination with a variable dimension sub-model method, a self-developed modeling and meshing tool, and the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm. The proposed non-circular vent hole is biaxial symmetric and consists of four smoothly connected arcs. The variable dimension sub-model method is utilized to obtain accurate results in the fields around the vent holes within the computationally acceptable time. The modeling and meshing tool is developed by using the Tcl/Tk Scripts to rebuild the geometry and generate the high-quality hexahedral mesh automatically. The Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm is adopted to solve the studied constrained optimization problem. After optimization, the maximum von Mises stress is reduced from 1305.644 MPa to 963.435 MPa, and the fatigue life is increased from 3091 cycles to 30,297 cycles. The results show that the proposed design and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of the turbine sealing disk along with the remarkable drop in stress concentration.