Individual aircraft life monitoring: An engineering approach for fatigue damage evaluation

Individual aircraft life monitoring is required to ensure safety and economy of aircraft structure, and fatigue damage evaluation based on collected operational data of aircraft is an integral part of it. To improve the accuracy and facilitate the application, this paper proposes an engineering approach to evaluate fatigue damage and predict fatigue life for critical structures in fatigue monitoring. In this approach, traditional nominal stress method is applied to back calculate the S-N curve parameters of the realistic structure details based on full-scale fatigue test data. Then the S-N curve and Miner’s rule are adopted in damage estimation and fatigue life analysis for critical locations under individual load spectra. The relationship between relative small crack length and fatigue life can also be predicted with this approach. Specimens of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy and TA15M titanium alloy are fatigue tested under two types of load spectra, and there is a good agreement between the experimental results and analysis results. Furthermore, the issue concerning scatter factor in individual aircraft damage estimation is also discussed.     

Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology

3D-printing technologies are receiving an always increasing attention in architecture, due to their potential use for direct construction of buildings and other complex structures, also of considerable dimensions, with virtually any shape. Some of these technologies rely on an agglomeration process of inert materials, e.g. sand, through a special binding liquid and this capability is of interest for the space community for its potential application to space exploration. In fact, it opens the possibility for exploiting in-situ resources for the construction of buildings in harsh spatial environments. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the concept of 3D printing technology for building habitats on the Moon using lunar soil, also called regolith. A particular patented 3D-printing technology – D-shape – has been applied, which is, among the existing rapid prototyping systems, the closest to achieving full scale construction of buildings and the physical and chemical characteristics of lunar regolith and terrestrial regolith simulants have been assessed with respect to the working principles of such technology. A novel lunar regolith simulant has also been developed, which almost exactly reproduces the characteristics of the JSC-1A simulant produced in the US. Moreover, tests in air and in vacuum have been performed to demonstrate the occurrence of the reticulation reaction with the regolith simulant. The vacuum tests also showed that evaporation or freezing of the binding liquid can be prevented through a proper injection method. The general requirements of a Moon outpost have been specified, and a preliminary design of the habitat has been developed. Based on such design, a section of the outpost wall has been selected and manufactured at full scale using the D-shape printer and regolith simulant. Test pieces have also been manufactured and their mechanical properties have been assessed.     

飞机结构装配间隙超差分析与对策

飞机结构装配过程中,间隙、阶差超差类问题比较普遍,如机身部段之间、舵面与结构之间、相邻整流罩壁板之间等.通过对典型的间隙、阶差超差案例进行分析,总结造成间隙、阶差超差的主要原因,并提出解决间隙及阶差超差类问题的系统思路及指导方法.     

空间微重力磁悬浮平台激励器研究

为满足空间实验室的科学实验载荷对微重力环境水平的要求,需要保证空间微重力实验载荷平台的振动隔离性能,即需要平台激励器能在控制系统的作用下适时地产生抑制平台扰动的激励力.本文提出了平台激励器的初步指标,从磁悬浮基本原理出发设计出多种结构形式,在此结构基础上完成有限元磁路仿真和激励器的线圈设计,并对各种结构形式进行比较,根据比较结果总结出各结构形式的优缺点,为激励器的具体设计提供了依据.      

弹性损伤的一般理论

依据不可逆热力学理论,未引入任何附加假设,建立了各向异性弹性损伤的一般理论.从理论上论证了由应变等效假设导出的经典损伤本构方程的近似性.首次阐明了材料损伤度的多种定义(损伤的单标量、双标量、二阶张量与四阶张量描述)之间的区别与联系.使连续损伤力学的理论体系更臻严密和完整.      

万向磁悬浮动量轮研究

目前大部分空间飞行器三轴姿态控制采用的是飞轮系统 ,其精度较高 ,而采用磁悬浮轴承支承的动量轮比普通的滚珠轴承动量轮有更高的姿控性能。在此基础上发展的动量矩方向可改变的万向磁悬浮动量轮可以单独实现三轴较高精度的主动姿态控制 ,具有重要的实用价值。同时 ,万向磁悬浮动量轮的研究也为集成能源与姿态控制系统的研究提供了技术支持。文意介绍了万向磁悬浮动量轮在国际上研究和发展的情况 ,概括了其中的关键技术 ,并给出了一种初步的结构设计实例。     

小波变换在层板实时损伤检测中的应用

采用小波变换作为复合材料层合板损伤检测信号的分析工具,在获得复合材料层合板的动力学响应的基础上,应用小波分析工具对结构响应信号进行提取,对含噪声信号则先作降噪声处理,然后再进行小波分解,根据各种响应信号对损伤的灵敏度,选择损伤特征,通过捕捉结构出现损伤的时刻,实现复合材料损伤实时监控.      

纤维缠绕金属内衬压力容器的设计和分析技术

介绍了纤维缠绕金属内衬压力容器的工艺特点、性能优势和爆破前先泄漏(LBB)的安全失效模式，以及一般设计原则、构形、材料和工艺要求。分析了金属内衬的厚度、过渡区、焊接区和纤维缠绕层。以及输入输出极孔的设计技术。阐明了用于静力分析的解析法和数值法，以及用于循环寿命预测的断裂力学分析法。最后概述了一些新技术、新材料的应用情况，并指出了压力容器设计的发展趋势。     

大型降落伞开伞过程中的“抽鞭”现象

＂抽鞭＂现象是在大型降落伞开伞过程中可能的顶部甩动现象,它可能造成伞衣破损、不对称充气、伞衣翻转、鞭打等后果,严重时可能造成回收任务完全失败。该文对美国回收系统降落伞开伞过程中出现的＂抽鞭＂现象及其后果进行了综述,并介绍了避免＂抽鞭＂现象的途径。目前对这一现象的机理还缺乏深入研究,有必要从理论和设计上对其进行分析。