星载合成孔径雷达的性能参数和设计要求

把星载合成孔径雷达的性能参数分成空间性能参数和辐射性能参数两个方面进行分析和介绍。对于工作频率的极化、天线尺寸和脉冲重复频率、天线波束的电扫描和成形、发射信号的频宽、以及观测模式等问题进行了讨论。     

再入航天器陶瓷拐角环防热计算与结构适用性分析

文章基于近地轨道及探月返回再入热环境,应用超高温陶瓷到再入航天器的典型防热结构,计算分析了再入过程中的防热结构温度场。利用温度场计算结果,再结合超高温陶瓷抗烧蚀性能以及结构设计与工艺性分析,就超高温陶瓷作为再入航天器防热结构的适用性进行了深入探讨。结果表明,由于超高温陶瓷的优良耐高温及耐烧蚀性能,在近地轨道及探月返回再入航天器防热结构上具有良好的应用前景。     

近圆轨道编队飞行星座相对构型稳定性分析

在近圆轨道编队飞行的假设条件下 ,根据动力学关系推导出了环绕卫星相对参考卫星的运动学简化模型 ,并以此简化模型为基础 ,研究了半长轴入轨偏差δa ,轨道倾角偏差δi ,轨道偏心率偏差δe在地球扁率摄动条件下对编队飞行星座相对构型稳定性影响 ,深入分析了各种因素的规律和特点 ,并以此对编队飞行星座轨道设计提出建议。     

利用喷气装置卸载航天器积累角动量的最小工质损耗控制

讨论利用喷气装置卸载航天器积累的外扰角动量过程中 ,实现最小工质损耗的问题。提出了在航天器绕自己质心转动的过程中实现对这一角动量进行卸载的新思路。文中采用极大值原理求得了最优工质损耗并举出了实例     

航天器热模型蒙特卡罗法参数分析及健壮度评估研究

针对传统航天器热模型的参数分析及温度余量选择存在的缺陷,提出了基于蒙特卡罗法的参数分析及健壮度评估方法。文章首先以航天器设备温度为因变量,以各不确定参数为自变量,应用蒙特卡罗法模拟取样,得到动态参数样本;通过样本的统计式推导,给出了参数分析及健壮度评估的求解方法。结合某星热模型进行了仿真应用,结果表明:与传统方法相比,蒙特卡罗法不但可以提高参数分析的效率,而且量化了各不确定参数敏感性以及设备温度分布概率,为设计人员判断设备温度余量提供数值依据。     

ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.     

Formation flying for magnetic sails around artificial equilibrium points

This paper investigates the problem of magnetic sail-based spacecraft formation control around the artificial equilibrium points (AEPs), which can eliminate the requirement of the propellant. The thrusts are achieved by utilizing the interaction between the solar wind and the artificial magnetosphere generated by superconducting current coil onboard. The circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) of magnetic sail is discussed including the allowed regions and linear stability of AEPs, the locations of collinear AEPs and the possibility of existence of periodic orbits around the collinear AEPs. Next, the dynamical models of magnetic sail formation around the collinear AEPs are established. A novel fast fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (FFNTSM) based on fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is developed to account for external disturbances. Several numerical simulations are conducted to substantiate that spacecraft formation can be precisely controlled by the proposed propellantless propulsion method in the presence of external disturbances.     

Multi-agent Q-Learning control of spacecraft formation flying reconfiguration trajectories

This paper presents a novel approach based on multi-agent reinforcement learning for spacecraft formation flying reconfiguration tracking problems. In this scheme, spacecrafts learn the control strategy via transfer learning. For this matter, a new generalized discounted value function is introduced for the tracking problems. Due to the digital nature of spacecraft computer systems, local optimal controllers are developed for the spacecrafts in discrete-time. The stability of the controller is proven. Two Q-learning algorithms are proposed, in each of which the optimal control solution is learned on-line without knowledge about the system dynamics. In the first algorithm, each agent learns the optimal control independently. In the second one, each agent shares the learned information with other agents. Next, the collision avoidance capability is provided. The effectiveness of the presented schemes is verified through simulations and compared with each other.     

发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统主动冷却效率研究

发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统是一种新型概念,将发汗冷却方法应用于金属热防护系统中,用于提高金属热防护系统的热载荷承载能力,是解决临近空间高超声速飞行器防热问题的有效方法。设计并建立了发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统的实验模型,分析了发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统的基本冷却原理,测量了同一实验模型分别在有无发汗冷却作用下,沿厚度方向不同位置测量点的温度响应。结果表明：在相同的加热条件,采用发汗冷却方法,可以使受热蒙皮材料达到相同温度的时间明显滞后;在发汗冷却作用的过程中,内部隔热层的温度不会超过水的沸点温度;采用发汗冷却方法,可以使同一结构热载荷承载能力至少提高70%;通过合理的结构设计,可以减少受热蒙皮由于热膨胀而引起的结构变形。
     

HDI三聚体和偶联剂对纸质文物加固保护的研究

用传统的高分子树脂对纸质文物进行加固保护取得了一定的效果，但由于高分子树脂的渗透、润湿性能较差，容易增加纸张光泽；会产生内应力加速纸张老化等问题。针对这个问题，本文研究了一种纸质文物加固保护的新方法，采用低分子预聚物HDI三聚体对纸张聚氨酯化，并用偶联剂KH-550协同处理。通过正交试验分析了处理工艺中各种因素对纸张拉伸干强度的影响；并通过对拉伸湿强度、光泽度的测试和酸碱加速老化、干热加速老化等试验验证了HDI三聚体和KH-550对纸质文物的加固保护作用，并用DSC和扫描电镜进行了分析。试验表明，这种处理方法在保护纸张原有质感的同时提高了纸张强度，降低了纸纤维的吸湿性，有效地减缓了纸张的老化降解。