不确定性因素下航班延误波及建模与分析

针对机场终端区日益严重的航班延误,提出了一种基于有色－时间Petri网的不确定性因素下航班延误波及分析模型。模型综合考虑航班运行尾流、跑道运行模式、跑道占用时间等运行安全间隔约束,同时根据连续航班间的信息更新,设计进离场航班序列动态调整流程,并由计算模型可得出航班延误总架次及时间。最后,依据历史延误数据分析得出不确定性因素延误的概率分布。选取上海浦东机场为背景对模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,所构建模型可用于战略阶段的航班延误波及程度与过程的评估。     

增广拉格朗日子集模拟优化方法

传统的工程结构优化设计方法在求解多设计变量、多约束条件的结构优化设计问题时,存在诸多不足,针对上述问题,基于增广拉格朗日约束处理方法和子集模拟优化方法发展一种新的结构优化设计方法——增广拉格朗日子集模拟优化方法(ALSSO).该方法首先利用拉格朗日乘子法处理多重约束条件,然后利用子集模拟优化方法对转化后的无约束优化问题进行求解;对罚函数因子的更新方法进行改进,以保证收敛过程的稳定性;利用两个算例对该方法的计算精度、稳健性以及计算效率进行验证,并与其他优化方法进行对比.结果表明:增广拉格朗日子集模拟优化方法具有非常优秀的寻优性能.     

影响分光光度计透射比示值偏差的原因分析

从仪器光路、仪器结构、被测样品性质、检定所用标准器等几个方面对分光光度计透射比示值产生偏差的原因进行了详细的分析。依据这些分析,可有针对性地发现影响透射比示值的各种原因。     

Comparison between African equatorial station ground-based inferred vertical E × B drift,Jicamarca direct measured drift,and IRI model

The Incoherent Scatter Radar measurement over Jicamarca, together with the IRI model-2007 measurements were compared with ground-based digisonde inferred E × B drift over Ilorin in the African region during year of solar minima (F10.7 = 81). Seasonally, Ilorin pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) had peak drift velocities of 7.2, 3.7 and 7.9 m/s for March equinox, September equinox and December solstice respectively, while Jicamarca drifts indicated 13.0, 10.5 and 5.2 m/s; as well as the IRI model with 14.3, 8.4 and 0.7 m/s in similar order. PRE value was insignificant during June solstice. The PRE magnitude of the IRI-model during the equinoxes is twice the value obtained at Ilorin. The daytime E × B drift peaked over Ilorin 1–2 h earlier than both the modeled and Jicamarca observations. This could be due to the difference in sunset time at the conjugate points corresponding to the altitude of the observation. During the evening time PRE, the respective correlation coefficients (R) for Vz–F10.7 relation over Jicamarca, Ilorin and the modeled observations are −0.5559, 0.4796 and −0.4979. Similarly, the Vz–Ap relation exhibit excellent anti-correlation coefficient (R = −0.8637) for the IRI-model, −0.4827 over Jicamarca and 0.3479 for Ilorin. Annual mean drift velocities over Jicamarca, Ilorin and IRI model measurements respectively are 10, 5.6 and 10 m/s for the peak PRE observation; 15, 16 and 21 m/s for the daytime pre-sunrise peak values; and −21, −9 and −16 m/s for the nighttime downward reversals. The root-mean square (RMS) deviation between IRI-model and the Ilorin drift between 2000 and 0500 h is 4.37, 2.03, 3.71 and 2.42 m/s for March equinox, June solstice, September equinox and December solstice respectively. For Jicamarca–Ilorin drift relation, RMS deviation is 5.48, 2.30, 3.47 and 1.27 m/s in the same order respectively. Annual hmF2 inferred drift over Ilorin during daytime is higher by a factor of ≈2 and 3 at Jicamarca and IRI model measurements respectively; and by a factor of ≈5 for both during the night-time period. The limitations in using hmF2 to infer drifts are discussed.     

高校英语阅读课教学生态环境研究

从教育生态学的角度来看,英语阅读课的教学是在一个由多种因子构成的生态环境中进行的。按照能否在教学过程中得到控制或调整,本文将这些因子分成可控和不可控两大类,并分析了对于阅读教学影响较大的几种可控因子,包括学习氛围、学校的设施、阅读动机和学习策略等。对这些因子的干预能够改善教学生态环境,提高学生英语阅读的效率。     

管制员信息处理能力模糊评价

信息处理能力是管制员能力和工作负荷的重要组成部分。针对此方面缺乏系统研究的实际，详细分析了管制员信息处理能力的影响因素，给出了评价指标体系，建立了多级模糊评价模型，实现了此能力的量化评价。通过对管制员的具体评价，符合管制员的自身情况，证明了方法的有效性。     

Materials selection for applications in space environment considering outgassing phenomenon

Application of the existing materials selection methods is not much popular in space environment. This is in spite of involvement of the selection process in this field with a wide range of influential factors (e.g. conventional mechanical properties and over 21 space environmental effects). In this paper an introductory road map for employing systematic materials selection methods in the field by engaging the selection process with mechanical properties and only one of the space environmental factors is presented. Here, selected case studies, which are involved with outgassing phenomenon of materials in vacuum condition, highlight the incapability of some of the methods in dealing with such example problems. The study specifically indicates the effectiveness of the most recently introduced method, i.e. Z-transformation, over other existing methods. The results show that considering the mechanical properties of materials in conjunction with the space environmental effects produce much more reliable ranking of the candidate materials. Besides, the results recommend introducing more space environmental aspects in the selection process may produce a better outcome.     

网球初学者正手击球技术难点分析

网球的技术性很强,正手击球是其中最为基本的一项技术。从网球技术动作的生物力学原理以及身体姿势、动作轨迹、动作时间、动作速度、动作速率、动作力量几项动作要素分析了网球正手击球技术动作,帮助网球初学者解析拍面角度的控制、击球点的掌握以及挥拍的轨迹等技术难点,从而建立了清晰的动作概念,促进了正手击球技术的快速掌握。     

基于小样本学习的多因素单粒子翻转截面预测

针对空间粒子辐射效应评价中的多因素影响问题,提出了端到端数据驱动方法预测多因素条件下的单粒子翻转截面。首先通过卷积神经网络进行多因素特征提取,接着利用小样本学习匹配网络进行样本间特征融合,最后使用集成学习回归器预测重离子线性能量传输和单粒子翻转截面的关系曲线。在公开文献中提取的2种类型182个样本的小规模数据集上,对该模型进行端到端训练和测试,结果表明:该方法能够有效预测大部分场景下的多因素效应单粒子翻转界面,并能对各因素的重要程度给出量化评价,在国产处理器SM750的案例分析中获得了与重离子辐照实验相当的系统失效率上界。与传统方法相比,这种方法不依赖经验参数,具有更广泛的应用场景。