A high-order model of rotating stall in axial compressors with inlet distortion

In this paper,a high-order distortion model is proposed for analyzing the rotating stall inception process induced by inlet distortion in axial compressors.A distortion-generating screen in the compressor inlet is considered.By assuming a quadratic function for the local flow total pressure-drop,the existing Mansoux model is extended to include the effects of static inlet distor tion,and a new high-order distortion model is derived.To illustrate the effectiveness of the distortion model,numerical simulations are performed on an eighteenth-order model.It is demonstrated that long length-scale disturbances emerge out of the distorted background flow,and further induce the onset of rotating stall in advance.In addition,the circumferential non-uniform distribution and time evolution of the axial flow are also shown to be consistent with the existing features.It is thus shown that the high-order distortion model is capable of describing the transient behavior of stall inception and will contribute further to stall detection under inlet distortion.     

Similarity phenomena of lean swirling flames at different bulk velocities with acoustic disturbances

In this study, flame responses to acoustic disturbances with different frequencies and amplitudes were experimentally investigated in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustor operating at different bulk velocities. The total heat release rate fluctuations and spatial CH* chemiluminescence distributions were captured using a photomultiplier tube and high-speed camera, respectively. The results indicate that the heat release rate exhibits a relatively drastic oscillation and high-order harmonics for low-frequency disturbances. When the bulk velocity and forcing frequency were doubled simultaneously, similar flame structures were observed in the CH* chemiluminescence distributions. As the bulk velocity increases, the gain of the Flame Describing Function (FDF) extends toward the higher frequencies, and the delay time of the flame response decreases. The similarity among FDFs at different bulk velocities was effectively captured by introducing a non-dimensional parameter, defined as the ratio of the flame response delay to the forcing time scale, to replace the dimensional forcing frequency. Furthermore, the availability of the newly defined non-dimensional parameter was verified for flames with different swirl numbers, as this played an important role in determining the flame structures and associated unsteady heat release rate.     

Experimental study on flow excursion instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in scramjet regenerative cooling parallel channels

Flow instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel is a crucial issue in scramjet regenerative cooling structure. In this study, flow excursion instability and flow distribution in parallel tubes were experimentally studied for supercritical fluids. Two types of flow excursion occur in a single tube. Type I and Type II excursions, and they are corresponding to decreasing and increasing flow rate respectively. They can trigger flow maldistribution between parallel tubes and the hysteresis phenomenon of flow distribution. The effects of system parameters, including inlet temperature, system pressure, and heat flux, on flow distribution were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between flow excursion and the pseudo-critical interval proposed in the literature was established according to the heated tube outlet temperature at the onset of flow instability. Finally, the flow excursion instability boundary was obtained using two dimensionless parameters. These experimental results can provide helpful insight on the mechanism of Scramjet regenerative cooling.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

Hydrodynamic instabilities and transverse waves in propagation mechanism of gaseous detonations

The present study examines the role of transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities mainly, Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in detonation structure using two-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of Euler equations. To compare the numerical results with those of experiments, Navier–Stokes simulations are also performed by utilizing the effect of diffusion in highly irregular detonations. Results for both moderate and low activation energy mixtures reveal that upon collision of two triple points a pair of forward and backward facing jets is formed. As the jets spread, they undergo Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The drastic growth of the forward jet found to have profound role in re-acceleration of the detonation wave at the end of a detonation cell cycle. For irregular detonations, the transverse waves found to have substantial role in propagation mechanism of such detonations. In regular detonations, the lead shock ignites all the gases passing through it, hence, the transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities do not play crucial role in propagation mechanism of such regular detonations. In comparison with previous numerical simulations present simulation using single-step kinetics shows a distinct keystone-shaped region at the end of the detonation cell.     

大功率高频无线电波对赤道E区双流不稳定性的影响——PIC静电粒子模拟研究

地面入射的大功率高频无线电波（泵波）和电离层等离子体之间的参数相互作用,能够引起静电波的激发,在一定条件下,产生不稳定性.本文用PIC静电粒子模拟方法,研究泵波与赤道电离层E区等离子体的相互作用.研究结果表明,泵波能够控制双流不稳定性的发生,在不同条件下,泵波对双流不稳定性起着稳定与不稳作用,模拟结果定性地与理论研究结果相符合,这为我们对不规则体产生的地面人工控制提供了依据.     

成形极限曲线（FLC）的新概念

失稳理论是FLC的理论基础。文章论述了FLC理论研究中存在的问题。指出:一般出厂板的表面状况不会影响板料的集中失稳;板内损伤平面应变时最严重。双拉时,板内损伤的积累、发展,导致应力状态向平面应变漂移;拉压时,载荷失稳后引起的双拉,也会导致平面应变。因此平面应变状态的出现是板料集中失稳的共同原因。在此基础上提出了建立FLC的统一的模型。     

Effect of the seed perturbation amplitude on the equatorial spread F initiation during solar minimum

The contribution of gravity wave (GW) to the initiation/development of spread F during a solar minimum year was investigated through the comparison of the observed precursory parameters and characteristics of the corresponding equatorial spread F (ESF) events. The ionospheric parameters were recorded at the magnetic equatorial station Sao Luis (2.3°S, 44°W, dip latitude 2°S) during March and October 2010. These data were used to estimate the influence of the relative gravity wave amplitude and the ambient ionospheric condition on the diurnal variation of the spread F initiation. The vertical velocity drift indicated a clear control and defines the threshold for the seasonal variability of the ESF occurrence. However, it was insufficient to solely determine or predict the day to day variation of ESF occurrence. Thus, few days with contrasting ambient ionospheric condition and magnitude of GW amplitude were analysed in order to investigate the role of the different precursory factors in the observed diurnal variation of the plasma irregularity development. The density scale length and gravity wave amplitude were shown to immensely contribute to the linear instability growth rate, especially during the days with a low post-sunset rise. Thus, the experimental observations have demonstrated the strong inter-dependence between the precursory factors and they have also highlighted the probable control of the ESF morphology.     

补燃循环火箭发动机气液同轴式喷嘴声学特性研究

基于经典声学和振动理论,运用流体动力学基本方程描述燃气通道内气体的波动现象,建立了双组元同轴直流离心式气液喷嘴声学特性分析的物理、数学模型,采用四端网络方法进行了计算。对单喷嘴声学模拟试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,所建声学特性分析模型用于分析喷嘴波动过程是可行的;合适的通道长度和节流嘴直径对液氧／煤油补燃循环发动机高频燃烧不稳定性有明显的阻尼作用。     

横流不稳定性实验中转捩阶段的进一步观察

对后掠平板用可控的人工激励激发基频与二次不稳定性,研究层流后掠机翼流动导致最后转捩的过程.实验中发现有两个高频二次不稳定模态出现.其中一个为最大放大率的模态,位于垂直于壁面的速度型的拐点处,属于拐点不稳定性.另一个模态位于附面层的三分之一处.高频二次不稳定模态的增长比基频及其谐波要大的多,但与后者类似具有饱和阶段的出现.高频二次不稳定模态对最后转捩的影响主要体现在与其他扰动的相互作用,并导致出现紊流状态宽带频谱.