计算空气动力学的流场和图形显示技术

本文阐述了计算空气动力学流场和图形显示的重要性,它的基本方法和主要内容;介绍了在VAX计算机上研制的计算空气动力学流场和图形显示软件的主要功能。     

A Self-Consistent Determination of the Temperature Profile and The Magnetic Field Geometry in Winds of Late-Type Stars

Cool giant and supergiant stars generally present low velocity winds with high mass-loss rates. Several models have been proposed to explain the acceleration process of these winds. Although dust is known to be present in these objects, the radiation pressure on these particles is uneffective in reproducing the observed physical parameters of the wind. The most promising acceleration mechanism cited in the literature is the transference of momentum and energy from Alfvén waves to the gas. Usually, these models consider the wind to be isothermal. We present a stellar wind model in which the Alfvén waves are used as the main acceleration mechanism, and determine the temperature profile by solving the energy equation taking into account both the radiative losses and the wave heating. We also determine, self-consistently, the magnetic field geometry as the result of the competition between the magnetic field and the thermal pressure gradient. As the main result, we show that the magnetic geometry presents a super-radial index in the region where the gas pressure is increasing. However, this super-radial index is greater than that observed for the solar corona.     

Cassini Radio Science

Cassini radio science investigations will be conducted both during the cruise (gravitational wave and conjunction experiments) and the Saturnian tour of the mission (atmospheric and ionospheric occultations, ring occultations, determinations of masses and gravity fields). New technologies in the construction of the instrument, which consists of a portion on-board the spacecraft and another portion on the ground, including the use of the Ka-band signal in addition to that of the S- and X-bands, open opportunities for important discoveries in each of the above scientific areas, due to increased accuracy, resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Perpendicular transport of charged particles: Results for the unified nonlinear transport theory derived from the Newton–Lorentz equation

The perpendicular diffusion coefficient is calculated by combining a recently developed Unified Nonlinear Transport (UNLT) theory with the Newton–Lorentz equation. The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution. It is shown that the total mean free path depends strongly on the energy range of the turbulence power spectrum and on particle energy. Further, a slab/2D composite model is used to investigate the influence of each contribution to the total mean free path for a quasi-3D turbulence model. For pure 2D turbulence the UNLT reduces to the NLGC-theory. For pure slab turbulence the guiding center contribution is subdiffusive in accordance with simulations and the theorem on reduced dimensionality. Conversely, the microscopic contribution is non-zero, which has to be interpreted as normal diffusion.     

ICVI工艺致密化C/C复合材料的数值模拟

为了研究等温化学气相渗透( ICVI)工艺制备C/C复合材料过程中预制体的致密化过程及流场和温度场的分布,利用COMSOL软件建立预制体致密化过程中传质、传热和孔隙率变化的多场耦合模型。以甲烷为前驱体,将动量和能量守恒方程进行耦合计算,计算结果表明,在传质最初始阶段,前驱体温度迅速升高至设定的沉积温度,且整个反应器内部温度分布均匀。根据以上计算结果,设定温度为定值,耦合质量、动量守恒方程和孔隙率变化方程,通过计算得到在开始致密化阶段预制体最大密度分布在预制体中部,随着致密化进行,该区域向外侧移动。致密化150 h后,不同时间预制体整体平均密度的计算值与实验值吻合较好,验证了致密化模型的可靠性。     

低空目标电波折射修正中地球半径计算方法

在防御体系中雷达对低空目标一般呈俯视状况,因此在电波折射修正中必须把地球视为椭球,而不能视为圆球体,否则会产生很大误差.本文通过雷达测量参数和大地坐标与空间坐标的转换,给出了计算雷达电波射线上任意一点对应地球半径的方法.     

准互易光学电压传感器的电场计算与误差分析

针对一种新型的具有准互易反射式光路结构的光学电压传感器,设计了基于锗酸铋(BGO,Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂)晶体横向调制方式的高压探头.采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对所设计的高压探头进行电场计算,得到了探头内的电场及电势分布;讨论了探头内电场分布不均匀及干扰电场导致的测量误差.计算结果表明:标准条件下探头的最高可测电压不低于15 kV;电场分布不均匀导致光沿着晶体内不同路径传输时,电场强度对路径的积分结果即测量电压不同,影响传感器的稳定性和测量精度;探头内干扰电场导致0~5 kV范围内最大测量误差达1.2‰,这一测量误差对于2‰精度的电压传感器是不可忽略的.      

基于三维光场的静态场景前景分割

为解决复杂场景中的前景提取问题提出一种基于三维光场分析的静态场景前景分割方法.首先,通过在一条直线等间距的不同视点上拍摄场景的序列图像构建密集采样的三维光场.其次,用线段检测(LSD)直线检测算法从对极平面图(EPI)中分析提取出场景边缘及其深度信息.借助分段三次Hermite多项式(PCHIP)快速插值算法恢复整个场景的深度信息.最终,通过阈值法实现对不同深度的前景物体的分割.初步实验结果表明,本方法能够较准确地恢复场景中多个物体之间的空间关系,前景分割结果较好地克服了现有基于区域聚类和数学形态学等方法在复杂场景应用中存在的过分割问题.      

基于IRS-P6的岷江上游裸地变化特征研究

以汶川地震干扰作用下岷江上游裸地变化特征为依据,选取岷江上游地形资料及2006年和2009年两个时期IRS-P6多光谱影像数据,通过对岷江上游地区裸地特征地类进行特征分析,在监督分类和聚类分析模块下提取出该区域裸地与非裸地范围,定量界定出岷江上游流域地震前后裸地变化范围。结果表明:岷江上游震前(2006年)裸地面积为2 196km2,震后(2009年)裸地面积为3 680km2,扩大了1 484km2;裸地分布高程从2 200m升高至2 800m,其面积增加较多区域主要集中在汶川县至茂县交界地带、理县的杂谷脑流域一带及黑水县部分区域,该区域亦是人口密度相对集中、地质灾害频发、生态环境相对薄弱的区域。该方法的实现为利用IRS-P6界定生境系统特征提供参考价值,也为环境脆弱性区综合评价分析提供技术支撑。     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.