Research on modeling of heat source for electron beam welding fusion-solidification zone

In this paper, the common heat source model of point and linear heat source in the numerical simulation of electron beam welding (EBW) were summarized and introduced. The combined point-linear heat source model was brought forward and to simulate the welding temperature fields of EBW and predicting the weld shape. The model parameters were put forward and regulated in the combined model, which included the ratio of point heat source to linear heat source Qpr and the distribution of linear heat source Lr. Based on the combined model, the welding temperature fields of EBW were investigated. The results show that the predicted weld shapes are conformable to those of the actual, the temperature fields are reasonable and correct by simulating with combined point-linear heat source model and the typical weld shapes are gained.     

整体叶盘叶型电解加工流场设计及实验简

 电解加工（ECM）是航空发动机整体叶盘制造的主要技术之一,其电解液流场稳定性是影响电解加工精度和表面质量的核心因素。本文在分析原有的二维流场基础上,针对流体在不同流道截面下的流场状态,提出了一种三维复合电解液流场模式,即三股电解液分别从毛坯进气边、叶盆叶根、叶背叶根流入,由排气边交汇流出。采用有限元法对三维复合流场及两类二维流场开展仿真分析,分析结果表明三维复合流场改善了流道突变区域流场状态,有效抑制了二维流场的流场缺陷,有助于提高流场稳定性。对加工区液体流态进行了判断,其结果显示三维复合流场可以满足电解加工要求。开展了3种流场模式的加工速度比较实验,三维复合流场达到的进给速度最高,较二维流场可显著提升加工效率。采用三维复合流场开展了多叶片扇段加工,获得了较好的重复精度与表面质量。     

螺旋桨黏性流场非定常数值模拟

基于多块结构滑移网格,采用多参考系模型（MFR）,对某六叶螺旋桨黏性流场进行了非定常数值模拟.分别建立包围螺旋桨的旋转区域和螺旋桨以外的静止区域,很好地解决了螺旋桨的相对旋转问题.计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,验证了计算方法的正确性.对前进比为0.90和0.75情况下的桨后复杂流场进行分析,得到了螺旋桨尾涡的一些静态和动态特征,螺旋桨尾涡中包含正负两层,与实验观察到的现象一致.获得了螺旋桨对桨后轴向速度分布的影响规律:螺旋桨对桨叶45%和70%半径处轴向速度增加远大于90%半径处轴向速度;随前进比减小,该区域内轴向速度继续增加,90%半径处轴向速度几乎不变.      

喷嘴间距对贫油熄火特性和流场结构的影响

为深入认识喷嘴间距对燃气轮机燃烧室贫油熄火和气动性能的影响,基于典型的双旋流扩散燃烧喷嘴设计了喷嘴位置连续变化可调的双头部模型燃烧室。实验测量了不同初始当量比条件下喷嘴间的最大传焰距离,分析了火焰传播的动态过程;此外还研究了喷嘴间距对贫油熄火当量比、反应流场和方均根速度场的影响。实验结果表明:当量比每增加0.1,无量纲最大联焰间距增大0.2左右,并且喷嘴间的联焰过程大致可分为四个阶段;单喷嘴的贫油熄火当量比大于任意喷嘴间距下双喷嘴的贫油熄火当量比;随着喷嘴间距的减小,贫油熄火当量比先减小后增大;另外,喷嘴间距减小导致射流合并,气流径向速度抵消变小,中心射流速度峰值增大以及回流区尺寸缩小;随着喷嘴彼此靠近,喷嘴间的方均根速度变大,分布区域变广。      

共轴式双旋翼诱导速度的PIV水洞试验研究

采用PIV（粒子图像测速）技术,对共轴式双旋翼在悬停和以不同速度前飞时的流场进行水洞试验,测量得到旋翼流场的速度和涡量分布,主要研究了共轴式双旋翼流场的垂向诱导速度沿径向的分布规律。为了比较,对单旋翼也进行了测量。试验结果对共轴式直升机的气动计算和合理设计具有重要意义。     

角区三维漩涡流动的新分离结构

分别用数值计算和PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)实验方法研究角区层流边界层三维定常分离的流动结构,证实了角区确实存在有别于传统分离现象的附着鞍点结构,对称面上游的流线并非从壁面向上抬起从壁面分离,而是经由空间某个奇点向壁面附着.角区马蹄涡的传统分离鞍点结构和附着鞍点结构之间存在着一定的演化规律,影响参数包括模型头部钝度、边界层厚度和雷诺数.一定的边界层和雷诺数条件下随着模型头部钝度减小,角区马蹄涡将从传统的分离鞍点结构逐步过渡为附着鞍点结构;对一定的模型若雷诺数越大、边界层越厚则角区流动越趋向于传统的分离鞍点结构,反之则倾向于附着鞍点结构.     

Radiation from relativistic shocks in turbulent magnetic fields

Using our new 3-D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) code parallelized with MPI, we investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with a relativistic electron–positron jet propagating in an unmagnetized ambient electron–positron plasma. The simulations were performed using a much longer simulation system than our previous simulations in order to investigate the full nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability and its particle acceleration mechanism. Cold jet electrons are thermalized and ambient electrons are accelerated in the resulting shocks. Acceleration of ambient electrons leads to a maximum ambient electron density three times larger than the original value as predicted by hydrodynamic shock compression. In the jet (reverse) shock behind the bow (forward) shock the strongest electromagnetic fields are generated. These fields may lead to time dependent afterglow emission. In order to calculate radiation from first principles that goes beyond the standard synchrotron model used in astrophysical objects we have used PIC simulations. Initially we calculated radiation from electrons propagating in a uniform parallel magnetic field to verify the technique. We then used the technique to calculate emission from electrons in a small simulation system. From these simulations we obtained spectra which are consistent with those generated from electrons propagating in turbulent magnetic fields with red noise. This turbulent magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field generated at an early nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. A fully developed shock within a larger simulation system may generate a jitter/synchrotron spectrum.     

多通道涡轮级的流场/温度场非定常数值模拟

通过求解二维 N-S方程对多通道涡轮级进口有温度畸变时的流场和温度场进行了非定常数值模拟。相对于简化成单通道涡轮级的数值模拟得到更精确的结果 ,尤其是对温度场的模拟。改变热斑数与导叶通道数比会对动叶时均温度分布产生较大影响 ,动叶压力面温度分布所受的影响更大。     

单孔复合角射流的流场实验研究

在回流式传热风洞中,用五孔针对单气膜孔射流下游的流场进行了三维测量,观察到了复合角射流时产生的一对具有明显强度和大小差别的流向耦合双涡结构,并发现γ＝１５°的扇形孔较圆孔具有较弱的射流穿透能力和旋涡强度,其射流冷气可更利于贴近壁面。     

高压静电场中油液射流特性的实验研究

依据静电学和液体荷电的基本原理,分析了高压静电场中荷电油液在射流区、过渡区和雾化区的特性,提出射流长度,雾化角和液滴粒径分布是描述液体荷电射流特性的主要指标.通过自行设计和组装实验装置,分别探讨了不同电压下油液的射流长度和雾化角随电压的变化关系以及液滴粒径在电场中的分布规律.研究表明:射流长度随着电压的增大,总趋势是减小的,但在不同区域,电压对射流长度的影响不同;雾化角随电压增大到一定程度后,逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定;液滴的粒径随着电压的升高不断减小,当电压在65kV左右时,粒径较小且分布最为均匀.