长河二号授时监测接收机设计与实现

长波授时系统是目前国际上授时精度较高的大型地基无线电授时服务系统，其授时信号采用罗兰C信号发播体制，具有作用距离远、稳定性好、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。针对GNSS信号在某些特定区域易被干扰、易失锁的问题，设计并实现了一种长河二号授时监测接收机，采用信号完好性检测、ASF（附加二次相位因子）时延修正等技术，实现了高精度、高可靠长波授时与时差监测，可作为GNSS授时的重要补充手段。     

Na2O-CaO-SiO2系统玻璃陶瓷的晶化特征(英文)

制备了含TiO2晶种和不含晶种Na2O-CaO-SiO2系统玻璃陶瓷。以XRD研究了玻璃陶瓷的晶化行为和物相组成。通过EDS测定了TiO2在主晶相硅灰石和玻璃基质中的分布。以扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜对其显微结构进行了观察。研究表明,两种玻璃陶瓷样品均由硅灰石晶体和分布于晶体之间的玻璃基质构成。添加TiO2晶核剂的样品以体积晶化为主,硅灰石晶体细小,呈短柱状。硅灰石晶体中TiO2的含量明显大于玻璃基质,表明TiO2显然起到了引起体积晶化的作用。而在没有加入晶核剂的样品中,硅灰石晶体呈纤维状,以表面晶化为主,晶体定向排列明显,长径方向基本垂直于原始玻璃颗粒表面。     

某改型温度测量探针结构气动特性试验与数值分析

针对某型温度测量探针在使用过程中的测量误差,对探针滞止罩进行了结构改型设计。为清晰认识改型滞止罩结构气动特性和后续改进方案效果,分别对面积比为2、4和8的改型滞止罩进行了稳态数值仿真,并从静温恢复系数、速度分布以及气流流场分布情况对其气动特性进行了分析。结果表明:改进型滞止罩结构在较大面积比下可以满足最初设计要求,且面积比为8.1的结构气动特性较好。     

苄氯法合成α-AlH3及其表征

在乙醚-甲苯混合溶剂中,苄基氯和LiAlH4反应生成AlH3乙醚络合物。此络合物在甲苯介质中脱醚得到α-AlH3。通过X射线衍射、元素分析、扫描电镜及热分析,对样品进行表征。测试结果表明,此方法得到的α-AlH3晶体纯度高,Cl含量低,形貌完整,颗粒均匀,产物的热力学性能优良。     

管状螺纹连接件超声探伤方法研究

钻杆和钻铤等管状螺纹连接件，是钻探和石油钻井工业中的关键设备，它们长期工作于恶劣环境和高应力状态，容易产一疲劳裂纹，若不能及时排除，很可能导致重大事故，本文作者对管状螺纹连接件的超声检测方法进行了研究，本文以钻铤检测为例，介绍探头设计的考虑因素和计算方法，据此研制的接触式线聚焦双斜探头，以满足管状螺纹连接的探伤要求。     

Calculation of yield strength in nickel base single crystal superalloys

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A European probe to comet Halley

A European probe to comet Halley is proposed. The probe's model payload consists of 8 scientific instruments, viz. neutral, ion and dust impact mass spectrometers, magnetometer, medium energy ion and electron analyzer, camera, dust impact detectors and plasma wave experiment. Fly-by of the comet Halley nucleus will take place on November 28th, 1985, at about 500 km miss distance. The main spacecraft serves as relay link to transmit the observed data to Earth. As probe, a modified ISEE 2 design is proposed. Because of the cometary dust hazard expected in the coma a heavy dust shield (27 kg) is required, consisting of a thin front sheet and a 3 layer rear sheet. The probe is spin-stabilized (12 rpm), has no active attitude and orbit control capability and uses battery power only to provide about 1000 Wh for a measuring phase. A despun antenna transmits up to 20 kbit/s, in X-band. The total probe mass is estimated at 250 kg. The 3 model development programme should start in mid 1981 with Phase B.     

一种新的镍基单晶高温合金相稳定性预测方法

提出了一种镍基单晶高温合金相稳定性预测的新方法－ＲＥＮ法,应用于文献公布的５９种成分的镍基单晶高温合金的相稳定性预测,并与文献中的试验结果和Ｍｄｔ值法预测的结果进行比较。结果表明,该方法能成功地预测单晶高温合金的ＴＣＰ相析出倾向,并且具有较高的精度。     

The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems

To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m² with a combined volume of 200,000 m³ with a total water capacity of some 6 × 10⁶ L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m³ volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m² – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 10⁶ L, soil with 1 to 2 × 10⁶ l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 10⁵ L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 10⁵ L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 10³ L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 10⁴ L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m³ day⁻¹ (240–290 gal d⁻¹). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility.     

面向铺放工艺的预浸料剥离仿真与试验验证

为系统建立可表征刚度与黏性的预浸料剥离模型,构建探针、拉伸与剥离相结合的试验验证系统。首先,设计用于预浸料的移动悬臂剥离装置,完成各工艺参数下预浸料黏性和动态刚度的90°剥离试验测定,并建立剥离仿真模型;然后,通过探针试验获取黏性参数,采用内聚力模型定量表征黏性参数;接着,通过拉伸、压缩试验测定预浸料的正交各向异性力学参数,连同探针试验获得的黏性参数一同输入到剥离模型中,在各个工艺参数下黏性和刚度的仿真结果与试验值吻合程度良好;由于仿真与试验揭示剥离脱辊现象会影响剥离力测定值,因此研究脱辊现象及其机理,发现将导辊半径设计在3~7 mm内,可减弱脱辊程度、提高剥离试验的准确性。为系统测定并表征预浸料黏性及刚度、预浸料建模、开展自动铺放仿真等提供了参考。