圆形太阳同步轨道卫星的空间热环境分析

近年来得到广泛应用的微小型卫星大多运行于圆形的太阳同步轨道,空间外热流的计算对卫星热控制系统的设计至关重要。分析了圆形太阳同步近地轨道受太阳照射的特性,建立了运行于圆形太阳同步轨道的三轴稳定的长方体卫星的外热流模型,归纳了太阳辐射热流、地球反照热流和地球辐射热流的瞬时和周期平均值的计算公式,分析了外热流的变化规律。分析指出太阳同步轨道的受晒特性主要由轨道的降交点地方时决定,外热流中太阳辐射最强,地球反照最弱。通过计算卫星各表面的外热流特性,可选择合适的散热面及太阳能电池安装面。     

金星探测——独特的深空之旅

概括了深空探测的重要意义。根据金星在太阳系中的特殊地位、金星探测的科学意义及对技术创新的意义,以及金星是早期深空探测的重点,认为金星是深空探测的重要目标之一。分析了金星探测特有的创新技术、金星的特殊环境、最近距离的行星探测等意义。提出了一种金星探测器的方案设想,介绍了飞行过程、科学载荷配置和探测器构型,可作为未来金星探测器方案设计的参考。     

An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

基于Keil μVision模拟器构建软件调试测试环境

详细描述了Keil μVision模拟器扩展接口的使用方式,以及进行调试测试环境构建的特定步骤.使用这种方式构建调试测试环境无需硬件设备,研制周期短、成本低,使单片机软件研制和测试人员能够快速构建软件运行环境,及时对软件进行调试和测试.     

利用变环境数据的Weibull分布可靠性综合评估

为了提高可靠性评估精度,研究了环境因素对产品可靠性的影响,提出了一种适用于Weibull分布的变环境数据可靠性综合评估方法.首先通过利用径向基函数法来度量不同环境因素及其交互作用对可靠性的影响,建立了关于环境因素的位置参数模型.并针对刻度参数依赖于环境因素的情形,利用线性模型来建立刻度参数模型.然后利用广义线性模型,给出了位置和刻度参数模型系数的极大似然估计,并给出了可靠度近似置信下限.实例表明该方法能较好地度量环境因素对可靠性的影响,而且合理可行便于工程应用.     

高速巡航导弹翼面结构热-振联合试验研究

由于高速巡航导弹飞行速度快、滞空时间长,在气动加热引起弹翼、整流罩和弹体等部件外表面温度升高的同时,还会伴随长时间的剧烈振动。气动加热产生的热环境会使材料和结构的弹性模量、刚度等力学性能发生明显变化,复杂的机动飞行过程又会使结构中出现较大的温度梯度,引起热应力场的改变,进而对导弹结构的固有振动特性带来严重的影响。以高速巡航导弹翼面结构为研究对象,进行了热环境下的翼面结构热-振联合试验,获得了不同温度条件下翼面结构固有频率等振动特性的变化规律,为巡航导弹弹翼结构在高速、热振动环境下的安全设计提供了可靠依据。     

高温燃气风洞加热特性仿真分析

提出了利用亚音速高温燃气流进行近空间高超飞行器热环境地面模拟的试验方案,在试验装置试验段,通过高温高速的燃气流引射低速的冷气流,达到仅使飞行器头锥驻点附近区域产生局部高温而其余头锥蒙皮表面低温的目的.对某型高超音速飞行器的头锥利用高温燃气进行加热并利用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法对13种模拟工况进行了数值仿真分析.将数值模拟计算结果与飞行器在高超音速飞行状态下对应机体部位气动热的理论计算值进行了对比,证实了亚声速高温燃气热环境模拟方法的可行性,为高温燃气地面模拟设备技术方案论证提供了依据.      

空间微重力组合体及其控制

空间微重力组合体是绳系卫星系统的升级版,有更强大的功能和应用前景。可是在无控状态下,新旧两款系统的留位（系绳伸出长度不变）和回收（系绳回卷收缩）运动都不稳定,必须置入有效的控制算法才能使其稳定运行。从绳系卫星的简化动力学模型入手,抓住微重力和动态运动中的惯性力相互关系,推导出基础型和扩展型的距离速率控制算法,简明有效地抑制这些系统的不稳定运动和改进空间组合体在轨交会对接控制技术。该算法也可应用于有分布质量和弹性变形的连续系绳的动力学模型以及其他更复杂的绳系卫星（家族）系统的控制中。     

Computation of radiation environment during ground level enhancements 65, 69 and 70 at equatorial region and flight altitudes

The radiation environment in the troposphere of the Earth is governed by cosmic rays of galactic and solar origin. During major solar energetic particles events the radiation environment changes dramatically. As a results the risk of biological effects due to exposure to ionizing radiation of aircrew increases. Here we present a numerical model for computation of absorbed dose in air due to cosmic rays of galactic and solar origin. It is applied for computation of radiation environment at flight altitude in the equatorial region during several major ground level enhancements, namely GLE65 on 28 October 2003, GLE69 on 20 January 2005 and GLE70 on 13 December 2006. The model is based on a full Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade. The cascade simulation is carried out with CORSIKA 6.990 code with corresponding hadron generators FLUKA 2011 and QGSJET II. The contribution of different cascade components, namely electromagnetic, hadron and muon is explicitly obtained. The spectra of arriving solar energetic particles are calculated from ground level measurements with neutron monitors and satellite data from GOES. The obtained results are discussed.     

Space radiation environment in low earth orbit during influences from solar and geomagnetic events in December 2006

In low earth orbit, the SAA region is the dominant contributor to both proton environment and electron environment from the standpoint of radiation dose for spacecraft lifetime. However, the polar region and the horn region are sometimes strongly disturbed due to large solar and geomagnetic events. During large disturbances, enhancements in proton flux are measured in the polar region, which gives temporary more severe space radiation environment than that given in the SAA region. On the other hand, enhancements in electron flux are measured mainly in the horn region corresponding to the outer radiation belt, which are likely sources of high-energy electrons in the inner radiation belt. These short-term disturbances have another radiation hazard to spacecraft such as single event and electrostatic discharge.