From Coma Abundances to Nucleus Composition

A major goal of comet research is to determine conditions in the outer solar nebula based on the chemical composition and structure of comet nuclei. The old view was to use coma abundances directly for the chemical composition of the nucleus. However, since the composition of the coma changes with heliocentric distance, r, the new view is that the nucleus composition msut be determined from analysis of coma mixing ratios as a function of r. Taking advantage of new observing technology and the early detection of the very active Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) allows us to determine the coma mixing ratios over a large range of heliocentric distances. In our analysis we assume three sources for the coma gas: (1) the surface of the nucleus (releasing water vapor), (2) the interior of the porous nucleus (releasing many species more volatile than water), and (3) the distributed source (releasing gases from ices and hydrocarbon polycondensates trapped and contained in coma dust). Molecules diffusing inside the nucleus are sublimated by heat transported into the interior. The mixing ratios in the coma are modeled assuming various chemical compositions and structural parameters of the spinning nucleus as it moves in its orbit from large heliocentric distance through perihelion. We have combined several sets of observational data of Comet Hale-Bopp for H₂O (from OH) and CO, covering the spectrum range from radio to UV. Many inconsistencies in the data were uncovered and reported to the observers for a reanalysis. Since post-perihelion data are still sparse, we have combined pre- and post-perihelion data. The resulting mixing ratio of CO relative to H₂O as a function of r is presented with a preliminary analysis that still needs to be expanded further. Our fit to the data indicates that the total CO release rate (from the nucleus and distributed sources) relative to that of H₂O is 30% near perihelion. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

某型涡轴发动机性能衰减与部件退化评估

为在某型涡轴发动机持久试验中进行性能健康检查,采用多点匹配方法建立了个体发动机性能衰减计算模型,基于非线性气路分析方法对部件性能退化进行了计算,集合已有经验确定性能偏离部件,完成了某型发动机持久试验中不同阶段的性能衰减评估.结果表明,某型发动机性能衰减及部件性能退化成阶段性分布,前期压气机和燃气涡轮性能变化最快,随后处于相对稳定阶段,动力涡轮性能在目前试验时数范围内基本无变化.该方法的验证为涡轴发动机使用过程中的性能健康与评估提供了有益的经验.      

基于保护映射理论的鲁棒控制新方法

针对现代控制系统不确定性的问题,基于保护映射理论提出了一种新的鲁棒控制方法.利用保护映射理论,构建控制器增益与闭环系统极点间的联系,通过配置闭环系统极点,改善控制系统的动态特性和稳态性能,以满足期望的性能指标.整个设计过程中控制器结构固定,只需一个初始增益,即可实现系统的鲁棒控制.仿真研究显示对含参数变化的2阶系统模型,该方法能够自适应地获取满足整个变化系统控制性能的控制器增益,同时Monte Carlo随机试验表明了系统参数随机变化下,所求控制增益仍满足系统控制性能要求,从而保证了控制过程的鲁棒性.      

TiB2/7050颗粒增强铝基复合材料热变形行为与热压工艺优化

分析TiB₂/7050颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热变形行为及工艺参数的影响规律,对其热变形后的组织设计和获得理想性能参数至关重要。基于此,针对TiB₂/7050颗粒增强铝基复合材料开展了相关研究。用Gleeble-3500热模拟机进行热压缩试验,研究了TiB₂/7050颗粒增强铝基复合材料在变形温度300~450 ℃、应变速率0.001~1 s-1时的热变形行为,建立了材料的双曲正弦本构方程;根据动态材料模型计算得出热加工图,优选了材料的热加工工艺窗口;对原始挤压成型坯料和优化工艺的热压成型坯料进行了力学性能测试和微观组织形貌分析。结果表明:两种成型工艺相比,热压件强度指标略有提高,但塑性大幅提高,其长横向断后延伸率提高400%;热压工艺件晶粒更加细小、且无明显择优取向;拉伸断裂机制均为准解理断裂,热压件断口韧窝更深、撕裂棱更粗大,表明塑性撕裂持续时间更长。      

基于区域极点配置的航空发动机全包线/LPV控制

根据发动机相似工作原理以及平方和(Sun of squares, SOS)规划,基于发动机全飞行包线的换算线性变参数(Linear parameter varying, LPV)模型,提出了一种基于区域极点配置的航空发动机全包线切换/ LPV控制方法。根据发动机相似换算参数,建立换算状态变量模型。以高压换算转速为调度参数,利用多项式拟合得到全包线慢车以上的换算LPV模型。考虑基于区域极点配置的/LPV控制问题,将LPV闭环系统的极点配置在复平面上一个期望的区域内,并将LPV闭环系统稳定性条件转化为SOS约束,进行控制器求解。基于Lyapunov理论,设计全包线的切换LPV控制器,保证切换闭环系统Lyapunov意义下稳定。仿真结果表明,设计的切换LPV控制器能保证全包线内系统稳定且具有较好的鲁棒性能和动态响应性能。     

两种涡扇发动机部件特性自适应模型对比

发展了航空发动机自适应模型．并对以两种优化算法为基础的自适应模型进行了对比分析。两种模型以通用特性为基础运用优化方法,以发动机主要性能参数和过程参数偏差函数最小为优化目标,以部件特性耦合因子为被优参数,可以预测出不同飞行条件下的发动机风扇、压气机、燃烧室、高压涡轮、低压涡轮等部件特性。运用单纯形和遗传算法为基础的自适应模型对某型涡扇发动机性能的计算结果表明：相对于单纯形算法模型．遗传算法模型对发动机主要性能参数和过程参数的计算偏差降低了20％～30％;对发动机各截面总温、总压计算偏差降低了15％～20％;遗传算法模型相对于单纯形模型具有更为宽广的自适应模拟范围。对某型已知部件特性的涡扇发动机模拟结果显示．遗传算法模型部件特性模拟结果与已知部件特性差别甚微。     

Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金热变形行为及其加工图

采用Gleebe-1500D热压缩模拟试验机在变形温度350~500℃、应变速率0.001~5s-1的条件下对Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金进行热压缩实验,研究该合金在热塑性变形下的流变应力行为及其热加工特性,研究结果表明:Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金为正应变速率敏感材料;该合金可用Znenr-Hollomon参数双曲正弦形式来描述高温塑性变形时的流变应力行为;合金平均热变形激活能Q为308.61k J/mol。基于动态材料模型(DMM)建立了Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金的热加工图,并结合热加工图和显微组织分析获得了该合金较优的热变形工艺参数:变形温度为400~470℃,应变速率为0.1s-1。     

INVERSE KINEMATICS FOR A 6 DOF MANIPULATOR BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

运用神经网络求解机器人运动学位姿逆解，突破了文献局限于研究位置逆解的状况，首次实现自组织神经网络求解机器人姿态逆解。通过深入分析基于Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ网络原理和Ｖｉｄｒｏｗ－Ｈｏｆ误差修正的Ｍ．Ｒ．Ｓ．自组织神经网络及机器人运动学特性，创新了自组织神经网络训练算法并建立了一类工业机器人位姿逆解的神经网络方法。对ＰＵＭＡ５６０机器人的计算机仿真结果表明，本算法在自组织能力和定位控制精度方面大幅度提高。     

Mapping seasonal trends of electron temperature in the topside ionosphere based on DEMETER data

The diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations of the electron temperature in the Earth‘s topside ionosphere during relatively low solar activity period of 2005 – 2008 are investigated. In order to examine seasonal variations and morphology of the topside ionospheric plasma temperature, CNES micro-satellite DEMETER ISL data are used. Presented study is oriented on the dataset gathered in 2005 and 2008. Within conducted analysis, global maps of electron temperature for months of equinoxes and solstices have been developed. Furthermore, simultaneous studies on two-dimensional time series based on DEMETER measurements and predictions obtained with the IRI-2012 model supply examination of the topside ionosphere during recent deep solar minimum. Comparison with the IRI-2012 model reveals discrepancies between data and prediction, that are especially prominent during the periods of very low solar activity.