Language cues in the formation of hierarchical representations of space

We study the role of place and region names in the formation of spatial hierarchies. Representations were probed behaviorally, i.e., by choices between two equidistant routes differing only in the number of regions they touched. Routes crossing fewer region boundaries are preferred over routes crossing more region boundaries. Visual landmark objects from a common semantic category placed in spatial vicinity induce region representations. Here we show that region dependent route preference is reduced if the landmark objects are replaced by signs displaying object names. The effects of explicit region names and linguistic properties of different naming schemes are discussed.     

Quasi-biennial oscillation in GPS VTEC measurements

The quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO, a well known periodicity in the equatorial stratospheric zonal winds, is also found in ionospheric parameters and in solar and geomagnetic activity indices. Many authors speculated about the link between the QBO in solar and geomagnetic activity and the QBO in atmospheric parameters. In this work we analyze the presence of the QBO in the ionosphere using the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) values obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements during the period 1999–2012. In particular, we used IONEX files, i.e. the International GNSS Service (IGS) ionospheric products. IONEX provide VTEC values around the world at 2-h intervals. From these data we compute global and zonal averages of VTEC at different local times at mid and equatorial geomagnetic latitudes. VTEC and Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) solar flux time series are analyzed using a wavelet multi resolution analysis. In all cases the QBO is detected among other expected periodicities.     

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the laser solid formed TC4 titanium alloy

Hot compressive experiments of the laser solid formed (LSFed) TC4 titanium alloy were conducted at a wide temperature range of 650–950 °C and strain rate of 0.01–10 s⁻¹. The Arrhenius-type constitutive models of the LSFed TC4 alloy were established at the temperature range of 800–950 °C and of 650–800 °C, respectively. The average relative error between the predicted stresses and experimental values in those two temperature ranges are 10.4% and 8.3%, respectively, indicating that the prediction models constructed in this paper are in a good agreement with experimental data. Processing maps were established by the principle of dynamic materials modeling on the basis of the data achieved from the hot compression experiments. The processing parameters corresponding to the stable and unstable regions of material deformation can be determined from the processing maps. The microstructure evolution of the stable and unstable regions of the samples after tests were observed. Finally, the effect of hot compressive parameters on the microstructure were investigated to research the dynamic recrystallization and the texture of the deformed LSFed TC4 alloy.     

Higher order ionospheric error correction in BDS precise orbit determination

The ionospheric error affects the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems observation and precise orbit determination. Usually, only the first order ionospheric error is considered, which can be eliminated by the ionospheric-free linear combination observation. But the remaining higher order ionospheric error will affect the accuracy of observations and their applications. In this paper, the influence of the higher order ionospheric error have been studied by using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field 13 and the Global Ionosphere Maps model produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe. Focus on ionospheric error, the experiment of paper at doy 302 in 2019, which show that the second order ionospheric error impacting BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B1I and B3I observation is 6.3569 mm and 11.8484 mm, respectively. Whereas, the third order ionospheric error impacting BDS B1I and B3I observation is 0.1734 mm and 0.3977 mm, respectively. Due to the current measurement accuracy of BDS carrier-phase observation can reach 2 mm, the influence of high order ionospheric error on observation should be considered. For BDS precise orbit determination, the orbit overlapping results are indicated that its orbit accuracy can be improved approximately 5 mm with the higher order ionospheric error correction, which is also in agreement with the results of Satellite Laser Ranging in this work.     

Development of one-minute rain-rate and rain-attenuation contour maps for satellite propagation system planning in a subtropical country: South Africa

Millimeter and microwave system design at higher frequencies require as input a 1-min rain-rate cumulative distribution function for estimating the level of degradation that can be encountered at such frequency bands. Owing to the lack of 1-min rain-rate data in South Africa and the availability of 5-min and hourly rainfall data, we have used rain-rate conversion models and the refined Moupfouma model to convert the available data into 1-min rain-rate statistics. The attenuation caused by these rain rates was predicted using the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations model. The Kriging interpolation method was used to draw contour maps over different percentages of time for spatial interpolation of rain-rate values into a regular grid in order to obtain a highly consistent and predictable inter-gauge rain-rate variation over South Africa. The present results will be useful for system designers of modern broadband wireless access (BWA) and high-density cell-based Ku/Ka, Q/V band satellite systems, over the desired area of coverage in order to determine the appropriate effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and receiver characteristics of this region.     

Contributing Factors to Temporal and Spatial Associations in Mental Representations of Maps

Abstract

The present work explores an interactive model of spatial and temporal information in map memory. In four experiments, participants learned a map with temporal and spatial information confounded or unconfounded. Attentional and representational levels of information were made apparent through tasks that tap spatial, temporal, or other information. Learning criteria emphasizing sequential order or location imposed differential weighting of the information types in memory. Results indicate that map memory is spatial, but also interacts with the order in which map locations are encountered. Findings show flexibility in allocating attention and information indexing of location and sequential order information in map learning.     

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning for Topological Map Learning

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning methods for learning the topological map of an unknown environment. We develop a topological mapping framework that achieves robustness against ambiguity in the available information by tracking all possible graph hypotheses simultaneously. We then exploit spatial reasoning to reduce the space of possible hypotheses. The considered constraints are qualitative direction information and the assumption that the map is planar. We investigate the effects of absolute and relative direction information using two different spatial calculi and combine the approach with a real mapping system based on Voronoi graphs.     

RANDOM TERRAIN MODEL

在超低空突防技术研究过程中，需要对ＴＦ／ＴＡ算法进行测试。为了解决一个实时测试问题，本文在将地形定义为相关性是指数衰减的随机过程的基础上，给出了一个离散的两维一阶自递归算法产生随机地形数据。对不同的地形情况测试了ＴＦ／ＴＡ优化算法，该算法拥有可调的粗糙度参数。     

1+1/2对转涡轮对双轴混排涡扇发动机整机特性影响的研究

为了研究1+1/2对转涡轮对双轴混排涡扇发动机整机特性的影响,通过对1+1/2对转涡轮特点的分析,提出了1+1/2对转涡轮的特性描述和在整机特性计算中使用方法,并将该1+1/2对转涡轮特性用于双轴混排涡扇发动机性能计算程序中,计算获得了对转涡扇发动机的节流特性,并通过与使用传统涡轮的发动机特性进行对比,获得了1+1/2对转涡轮对发动机整机匹配机理的影响。结果表明:计算获得的对转涡扇发动机性能与实验数据对比,计算精度满足工程应用要求;该对转涡扇发动机在设计点附近工作良好,但在核心机节流至70%设计转速时,对转涡轮引起整机性能发生明显恶化。 