SiC/C功能梯度材料的设计、制备及性能

采用粉末冶金法中的叠层法在2 000℃、40 MPa的热压烧结条件下制备了几类不同层数及成分分布指数的SiC/C功能梯度块体材料(FGM).所得样品的结构扫描图表明材料总体梯度特征显著,相比四层FGM样品,八层(SF8)FGM样品梯度过渡趋于连续,其不同层间层界面相对模糊化,界面处的结合性能良好,与最初设计相吻合;500℃～室温循环淬水实验表明,采用参数优化设计的SF8(P=0.6)FGM有效地缓和了内部热应力,具有良好的抗热震性能.     

Ti_2AlNb基合金电子束焊接头的显微组织

利用透射电子显微镜和能谱,研究电子束焊接过程中Ti_2AlNb基合金显微组织演变过程以及焊缝区组成、焊后热处理对接头显微组织的影响.结果表明:焊接过程中焊缝区Al元素损失较为严重,这有利于B_2相的形成而不利于O相的形成,使得接头焊缝区主要由B_2和α_2两相组成;在随后的热处理过程中,焊缝区的B_2相转变为β相和板条状的O相,使焊缝区由α_2、O和β相组成.     

The application of micro-CT in monitoring bone alterations in tail-suspended rats in vivo

Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals.     

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the laser solid formed TC4 titanium alloy

Hot compressive experiments of the laser solid formed (LSFed) TC4 titanium alloy were conducted at a wide temperature range of 650–950 °C and strain rate of 0.01–10 s⁻¹. The Arrhenius-type constitutive models of the LSFed TC4 alloy were established at the temperature range of 800–950 °C and of 650–800 °C, respectively. The average relative error between the predicted stresses and experimental values in those two temperature ranges are 10.4% and 8.3%, respectively, indicating that the prediction models constructed in this paper are in a good agreement with experimental data. Processing maps were established by the principle of dynamic materials modeling on the basis of the data achieved from the hot compression experiments. The processing parameters corresponding to the stable and unstable regions of material deformation can be determined from the processing maps. The microstructure evolution of the stable and unstable regions of the samples after tests were observed. Finally, the effect of hot compressive parameters on the microstructure were investigated to research the dynamic recrystallization and the texture of the deformed LSFed TC4 alloy.     

Wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti filler reinforced by carbon nanotubes on C/C composite

The effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) content on the wettability of AgCu-4.5Ti + x CNTs (wt%) composite filler alloys on C/C composite was investigated. The results show that the added CNTs reacted with element Ti in the filler and produced the dispersed fine in situ synthesized TiC particles, which increased the consumption of element Ti and provided the nucleus for the growth of Ti-Cu compounds simultaneously. The above effects of introducing CNTs, inhibited the formation of Ti-Cu compounds, also changed the distribution of compounds, which dramatically influenced the interfacial microstructure and characteristics of wetting behavior. The increase of CNTs content refined and dispersed coarse Ti-Cu compounds, decreased the initial spreading temperature, and improved the wettability, but high content of CNTs (more than 0.3wt%) decreased the wettability of the filler alloy. The wetting interfacial microstructure of corresponding composite filler alloys were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), which consisted of TiC, TiCu, TiCu₂ and TiCu₄ compound. The typical wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti + 0.3wt% CNTs composite filler on C/C composite was divided into four stages. The effect mechanism of CNTs content on the wetting behavior was proposed.     

火箭发动机燃烧室用高强高导Cu-0．8Cr-0．2Zr合金的组织与性能

采用硬度、拉伸力学性能及导电率测试研究了Cu-0.8Cr-0.2Zr合金的力学性能和导电性能,采用金相显微镜(OM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了不同处理态合金的显微组织。研究结果表明:时效热处理过程中,合金发生回复和再结晶,同时过饱和固溶体分解析出新相,析出的纳米弥散强化相,能显著提高合金的强度,同时保持良好的导电性。Cu-0.8Cr-0.2Zr合金的最佳热处理工艺为:热轧后980℃/1h固溶处理,经70%冷变形,然后再经过450℃/4h时效处理后,硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为153HB5、29MPa和489Mpa,导电率达到85.1%IACS。研究的加工工艺实现了高强高导,获得了强度和导电率的最佳匹配。     

SiCw/Al复合材料热挤压模具设计及其对挤压棒材组织和性能的影响

用具有宏观夹铝带的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的热挤压余,对热挤压压余中的金属流线进行了观察并建立了金属流线方程,为抗日夺模具的设计提供了指导原则。本文用曲线形状较金属流线形状陆的流线凹模进行挤压,结果表明,使用该种凹模能够有效地消除金属“死区”并在一定程度上减少了晶须折断,从而提高了挤压棒的强度。     

电子束增材制造γ-TiAl显微组织调控与拉伸性能研究

研究了电子束选区熔化增材制造Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb合金的显微组织与拉伸性能.A1含量的烧损导致显微组织呈现不均匀性,沉积态材料由较大的γ晶粒和被α2晶粒钉扎的链状细小γ晶粒组成.γ相占据89％的体积,但并未显示出明显织构;而α2相显示出14.1倍随机值的(0001)织构,其c轴与沉积方向平行.沉积态材料的室温抗拉强度达到503MPa,而塑性为0.热等静压与热处理后的材料强度稍有下降,但延伸率获得较大改善.直到800℃,双态组织TiAl-4822材料的抗拉强度仍在460MPa以上,而全片层组织材料则维持在400MPa以上.     

Mo含量对Mo-Ni-B堆焊合金组织和性能的影响

设计制备了Mo-Ni-B系合金粉块新材料,采用TIG堆焊工艺在Q235钢基体上制备Ni基三元硼化物堆焊合金。研究了合金粉块中Mo含量对三元硼化物堆焊合金层组织、物相、硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,堆焊金属主要由三元硼化物Mo2M’B2、Mo Ni4、Mo5(B、Si)3、γ-(Fe,Ni,Mo,Cr)等相组成;Mo含量对堆焊合金的显微组织有较大影响;随着合金粉块中Mo含量的增加,堆焊合金和三元硼化物的显微硬度均明显下降;在所研究堆焊合金中,Mo 44.18%的耐蚀性最好,Mo 37.53%的堆焊合金的耐磨性能是Q235钢的27.7倍。     

碳含量对FGH4169合金组织的影响

通过组织观察及图像测量或统计计算分析了两种碳含量(0.022wt%、0.078wt%)对FGH4169合金的影响。结果表明,高碳含量的FGH4169合金平均晶粒尺寸较小,晶粒尺寸差异明显;碳含量对FGH4169合金中碳化物种类及形貌没有明显影响,但改变碳化物的尺寸,高碳含量的FGH4169合金更易形成PPB;低碳含量的FGH4169合金中强化相增多,强化相平均尺寸增大,强化相平均间隙减小,这有利于合金强度的提高。