C/C-ZrC复合材料的制备及结构性能研究

采用针刺及细编穿刺结构分别引入热解碳和沥青碳的多孔C/C坯体,通过反应熔渗工艺(RMI)与熔融金属Zr反应制备了C/C-ZrC复合材料.研究了预制体结构和基体碳类型对C/C-ZrC复合材料微观结构及力学性能的影响.结果 表明:材料熔渗后只由C,ZrC两相组成,孔隙率5％～10％,ZrC质量分数53％～63％.针刺结构的...     

SiC纤维增强复合材料界面微观结构的Raman光谱研究

使用Ｒａｍａｎ显微技术（Ｒａｍａｎ ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ）研究了ＳｉＣ纤维增强碳化硅、ＪＧ６玻璃和Ｐｙｅｒｘ玻璃复合材料界面的微观结构。研究表明,复合材料的制备过程使纤维内自由碳颗粒的大小增大,尤其是在界面层两种玻璃复合材料制造过程使原纤维富含ＳｉＯ２的表面层消失,而且发生了界面层碳结构的有序化。     

Characteristics of surface and subsurface of formed thread parts by axial-infeed thread rolling process

The thread rolling process has been widely applied to manufacture high-performance thread parts. In this process, the evolutions of surface and subsurface are frequently introduced, which affect the working performance of manufactured parts. In this study, an axial-infeed thread rolling process (ATRP) is employed, and the macro-meso surface characteristics under different lubrications and operating conditions are investigated. Moreover, the distributions of microstructure and hardness on the subsurface of formed tooth are analyzed in detail, along with the study of stress state and yield strength change. It is found that the MoS₂ grease is more effective in reducing the surface roughness and defects than the lubrication oil and water-base graphite during the ATRP process. Increasing rolling speed improves the quality of surface morphology and can reduce the surface roughness. On the subsurface of bottom and flank, intensive shear stress occurs in a narrow region, resulting in the elongation and refinement of the grains and increasing the low angle grain boundary fraction. Based on the grain size and plastic strain, the yield strength is predicted. The maximum yield strength and hardness on the bottom of formed tooth are improved by 41.2% and 39.4%, respectively.     

三种高强铝合金高温组织实时观察研究

2219、2A14、2195铝合金是航天领域常用的三种结构材料，特别是2195合金，因其密度低、比强度和比刚度高等优势在航天的应用越来越广泛。本文基于高温金相实时观测系统，在50 K/min加热速率下对强化态（固溶+时效）下的三种铝合金常温（约25℃）至软化温度（约600～660℃）下微观组织及相组成的变化过程进行了实时观察。结果表明：强化态下的三种铝合金均在高于其固相线的温度下发生了熔化，高温金相视场中的初始熔化位置位于圆形相（含有Al、Cu元素）附近，而块状相（含有Al、Cu、Fe等元素）则最后发生熔化。重新凝固后材料显微硬度降低50%左右，表明基体中的增强相减少；先析α相中Cu含量降低，大部分Cu元素均富集于晶界上形成接近共晶成分的网状富Cu相；未溶块状相熔点较高，重新凝固后被推移到晶界。对三种铝合金分析对比结果表明，2195合金固液温度区间最小，高温下形成的网状富Cu液膜最容易被拉开，因此该材料热裂纹敏感性最大。     

Micro powder injection molding of boron carbide components with SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3 sintering additives

Sintering additives and micro-powder injection molding offer an effective method to densify boron carbide（B₄C） and make B₄C components with complex shapes. By adjusting the proportion of three kinds of powders（SiC, Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃）, four kinds of sintering additives were prepared. The feedstock uniformity, debinding behavior, phase composition and microstructure of micro injection molded B₄C components with different sin...     

Metal flow hysteresis behavior and shape control strategy during porthole die extrusion of micro heat pipe

The shape control strategy of micro grooves is still unclear and challenging during the porthole die extrusion of grooved micro heat pipe (MHP). Through the simulation and experiment of porthole die extrusion of a MHP profile, the metal flow hysteresis behavior within micro features and the effect of ram speed and extrusion temperature on it and the resulting forming integrity was elucidated. Innovatively, Taguchi design and variance analysis (ANOVA) were introduced to determine their influence magnitude on the metal flow uniformity calculated by simulation results. The main findings are given below. The metal flow hysteresis derives from part feature size effect. The negligible friction-affected area during conventional extrusion severely slows down the metal flow within micro features during the MHP profile extrusion, which is due to the surge in the area ratio of the friction-affected area to the region in which it is located. Neither ram speed nor extrusion temperature can change the distribution of the friction-affected area. However, increasing ram speed multiplies the metal flow hysteresis and severely reduces the forming integrity, whereas extrusion temperature has little effect. Following this strategy, batch extrusion of the profile with micro-grooved width of 0.27 ± 0.02 mm was achieved in industrialized conditions.     

5B70合金大尺寸锻环成形工艺及组织性能

针对大尺寸5B70锻环性能提高需求，通过对5B70均匀化铸锭进行不同温度和应变速率下的热压缩模拟，获得应力应变数据并拟合了该合金的热加工图，以指导大尺寸锻环成形。从热加工图中得到该合金合适的热变形温度为400~450 ℃，变形速率为0.1/s左右最为合适。根据该加工图，采用相同条件的环锻工艺，制备了5B70铝镁钪合金试验件和尺寸为Ф2 900 mm×Ф2 600 mm×700 mm成品环件，并讨论了热变形工艺对成形件组织和性能的影响。结果表明，铝镁钪合金在该热变形条件下进行塑性变形，没有出现加工失稳等变形缺陷，可获得力学性能和塑性综合表现良好的铝镁钪合金成形件。     

2219铝合金厚板TIG焊接头组织与力学性能研究

采用氦弧打底+氩弧填充、盖面的焊接工艺对2219-T87铝合金15 mm厚板进行TIG焊接试验，研究其焊缝成形和组织力学性能。结果表明，此工艺焊缝成形美观，无可见焊接缺陷，气孔抑制效果好，接头平均抗拉强度为278.22 MPa，平均断后延伸率为3.89%，接头平均强度系数达到58.94%。接头硬度整体表现为焊缝中心最低，从焊缝中心到母材呈现先增大后局部降低再增大的趋势；且焊缝中心填充层硬度高于打底层和盖面层。熔合区的微观组织为柱状树枝晶和胞状树枝晶，且垂直于熔合线生长，在靠近熔合区两侧出现了等轴细晶带。焊接接头断面有较多撕裂棱和韧窝，局部发现第二相粒子和微孔，其断裂机制为典型的韧性断裂。     

TiB2颗粒对2195铝锂合金焊接头焊接性的影响

为了解决2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、焊接头软化等问题,通过调整焊丝的化学成分,添加微米级原位自生TiB_2颗粒,制备出BJ-4210焊丝,并对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了研究。研究表明,TiB_2颗粒在熔池中作为形核质点,能够降低焊缝晶粒尺寸并且改变晶粒形态,从而有效的降低接头的裂纹敏感性,提高接头的力学性能,其拉伸强度达到370 MPa,延伸率为3.1%。BJ-4210焊丝的研制可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

2195铝锂合金钨极氩弧焊接工艺研究

针对2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、气孔敏感性高、易氧化等问题，开展氩弧焊接工艺研究，对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了分析。研究表明，提高焊缝金属中的Cu含量，可以有效降低2195铝锂合金熔焊接头的裂纹敏感性，裂纹率K₁=0%,K₂=0%。2195铝锂合金单面双层焊接接头力学性能最佳，抗拉强度超过376 MPa，延伸率达到5.5%。提高焊接试板的清理深度可以解决焊接气孔敏感性高的问题，增加氩气拖后保护及背保护措施可以有效防止焊接氧化问题。熔焊工艺研究可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。