浅谈民机结构设计的技术管理体系建设

结合结构设计专业体系建设,研究了技术管理体系的思想内涵及其应用特色,讨论分析了技术管理体系在民机结构设计专业体系建设中的应用与实施,得出技术管理体系建设对于结构设计专业建设的重要意义在于高效、系统、扁平的专业化技术管理。     

基于高轨导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统

高轨卫星导航接收机是实现高轨航天器自主定轨的核心设备。为在地面测试阶段对高轨卫星导航接收机进行充分高效的验证，亟需设计基于高轨卫星导航接收机的地面测试系统。设计了一种基于高轨卫星导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统，主要创新点如下：第一，本系统可对高轨卫星导航接收机实际在轨状态下接收到的导航星座信号进行仿真；第二，具有模拟包含北斗三号等多导航卫星星座信号的功能；第三，本系统充分考虑自动化、通用化与一体化设计。提出的基于高轨卫星导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统能够在地面测试阶段对高轨卫星导航接收机进行充分验证，并充分考虑测试实施，从自动化、通用化、一体化方面提升测试效率，减少人为操作失误导致的质量问题，解决人工判读带来的误判漏判问题。     

基于iSIGHT的大膨胀比5.0级向心涡轮多目标优化与分析

针对轻量化、紧凑化、高效化的向心叶轮设计需求，对5.0大膨胀比向心涡轮进行三维多目标优化。首先，基于iSIGHT，集成Numeca，CFX软件及自编程序，搭建了三维气动优化集成系统，实现向心涡轮流道、叶片的参数化、网格划分、数值计算及三维结果的自动处理与优化，且其所需的存储空间仅为原优化系统的2.4%，极大地降低了对计算机存储空间的要求；其次，针对向心叶轮造型参数众多所导致的优化规模巨大问题，采用试验设计方法（DOE）详细地开展了流道、叶片的控制参数对涡轮性能的影响研究，得到造型参数对涡轮效率的贡献度，继而给出了优化变量的选取依据，从102个造型参数中选取23个作为优化变量，减少了优化的盲目性，缩短了优化时长，极大地减轻了工作量，提高了优化效率；最后，考虑涡轮性能、排气损失以及叶轮轻量紧凑化的需求，以涡轮总对静效率η_ts，级出口气流角α₆及叶片的表面积A作为优化目标，采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行多目标优化并探讨相应机理。优化后，叶轮的轴向长度缩短了8.09%，叶片的表面积减小了8.46%，有效降低了叶轮的尺寸及重量；在保持涡轮进口流函数和膨胀比基本不变的情况下，设计点涡轮总对静效率提高了0.1%，级出口绝对气流角仅降低1°，且不同转速下涡轮的性能基本保持不变。以上研究表明，该三维优化系统和多目标优化方法的有效性。     

运载火箭双维度极性检查方法与应用

运载火箭接口极性设计及安装的正确性关系到型号的飞行成败,为确保运载火箭在设计及生产制造过程中的极性正确性,提出了一种对设计极性和安装极性进行双维度闭环检查确认的方法。本方法已在新一代大型运载火箭中实现了全箭接口极性全流程闭环检查确认,加强了极性设计状态和产品安装实现的闭环管控,确保了接口极性设计的正确和匹配。     

Martian Buildings: Design loading

Multiplanetary life has been studied by scientists as a way to supply energy or sustain human life in the future. Mars is likely to be man’s first destination, colonization using onsite structural construction would be one of the main options. The first step to designing a reliable building is to know the applied structural loads and to have an accurate design load combination. Due to lack of complete knowledge, short span of recorded data, Martian environment, and hazardous environment that Martian structures face, constructed Martian structures should behave appropriately under the highest likely live, dead and environmental loads either simultaneously or as a worst-case scenario. The present study evaluated and calculated probable Martian structural loads, including live, internal pressure, snow, gravity (dead), dust accumulation, thermal stress, wind, marsquake, asteroid, and meteoroid impact loads and their effects. Information was gathered from previous studies and valid data from Martian landers, rovers and orbiters. Wind loads were calculated based on the over 6.5 years of data recorded by Vikings 1 and 2, temperature and winds for InSight (TWINS) sensor. A wind shear exponent and wind profile have been proposed for a Martian flat terrain construction site. Marsquake lateral loads, frequency content and seismicity were assessed using data from the seismic experiment for interior structure (SEIS) and the Viking 2 seismometer. Considering the high influx of micrometeoroids, their penetration distance, impact loads and their effects on structures were calculated. The annual probability of an asteroid impact on a settlement was assessed for a 30-year mission. A load map for Martian residential buildings that considers the worst-case scenario in which a Martian structure should be designed based on them has been proposed.     

一种靶场试验遥测数据处理与分析系统的设计与实现

针对靶场试验遥测数据特点,设计了一种遥测数据处理分析系统。作为靶场测试流程和飞行结果判别的重要环节,遥测数据处理分析系统软件实现了繁杂测试数据处理与发布、数据管理和数据判读与服务等功能。该系统的设计与实现为靶场数字化建设提供了重要支撑,具有较强的实用性与推广价值。     

An architecture decomposition method of pneumatic catapult system based on OPM and DSM

The architecture strategy of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pneumatic launch system should continue to evolve to adapt to complex and variable operating environments. Architecture representation, decomposition perspective, and cluster analysis play a vital role in the early phase of system architecture development. In order for the system to emerge anticipated and desirable intrinsic functional properties, an architecture decomposition method based on the Object-Process Methodology (OPM) and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is put forward in this paper. The OPM is proposed to model the UAV launch process formally, and the matrix representation of the architecture of the pneumatic launch system is established. After the extension of the definition and operations of DSM, with the Idicula-Gutierrez-Thebeau Algorithm plus (IGTA + ) clustering algorithm, the transformation of the pneumatic launch system architecture from process decomposition to function decomposition is demonstrated in this paper. The analysis shows that the architecture decomposition of the pneumatic launch system meets the functional requirements of stakeholders.     

Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

Motor drives form an essential part of the electric compressors, pumps, braking and actuation systems in the More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). In this paper, the application of Machine Learning (ML) in motor-drive design and optimization process is investigated. The general idea of using ML is to train surrogate models for the optimization. This training process is based on sample data collected from detailed simulation or experiment of motor drives. However, the Surrogate Role (SR) of ML may vary for different applications. This paper first introduces the principles of ML and then proposes two SRs (direct mapping approach and correction approach) of the ML in a motor-drive optimization process. Two different cases are given for the method comparison and validation of ML SRs. The first case is using the sample data from experiments to train the ML surrogate models. For the second case, the joint-simulation data is utilized for a multi-objective motor-drive optimization problem. It is found that both surrogate roles of ML can provide a good mapping model for the cases and in the second case, three feasible design schemes of ML are proposed and validated for the two SRs. Regarding the time consumption in optimizaiton, the proposed ML models can give one motor-drive design point up to 0.044 s while it takes more than 1.5 mins for the used simulation-based models.     

Downwash modelling for three-lifting-surface aircraft configuration design

This paper introduces a semi-empirical model to predict the downwash gradient at the horizontal tail of a three-lifting-surface aircraft. The superposition principle applied to well established formulations valid for two lifting surfaces is not a reasonable approach to calculate the downwash of a canard-wing-tail layout, and this paper demonstrates that such a basic technique leads to incorrect results. Therefore, an ad hoc prediction model is proposed that considers the combined nonlinear effec...