The enigma of small satellites for earth observation

Small satellites have captured a continuously increasing share of the market in the fields of science, technology and recently also in the telecommunications and Earth observation areas. User requirements and market opportunities for space based satellite systems for Earth observation products have grown substantially in the past decade. Criteria for the utilization of different classes of satellite systems (small and large) and analogies to developments in other areas, e.g. the telecommunications field are discussed. The end to end character of service and product oriented systems as key criteria for market success in the scientific, applications and commercial areas is underlined. Recent developments in the global change, the Earth observation applications and commercial sectors are reviewed and compared. Opportunities for small satellites in the field are related to technology advancements, cost reduction options, and progress in the state of the art in system design.     

实现给定传递函数的模拟电路中的静态问题

实现给定传递函数的模拟电路一般包含若干个运算放大器及电阻、电容等元器件。为了使电路正常工作,就要使运算放大器在输入信号的整个变化范围内,始终处于线性状态。本文从理论上对这一问题进行了分析,经实验证实是正确的,这一方法对于工程设计具有指导意义。     

Survey of mission evolution and flexibility in the Space Shuttle program

Given the diversity of missions it has accomplished and the myriad of adaptations it has undergone, the US Space Shuttle is widely regarded as a highly flexible space vehicle. With the Shuttle’s upcoming 2011 retirement, it is instructive to survey the history of this vehicle’s flexibility for the insights it can provide to the design and characterization of flexibility in future space systems. Data are presented on the evolution of mission requirements over time for 120 missions performed by the Space Shuttle over a period of some 27 years. Distinct trends in the time domain – as well as their causes – are identified and discussed, and early manifest plans from 1982 serve as a confirmation that these trends were not originally anticipated. Eight examples are then presented of engineering modifications that allowed the Shuttle to adapt and accommodate these requirement changes. Several additional instances of Shuttle flexibility are explored, such as post-Columbia disaster modification, upgrade programs and derived vehicles, and one case in which flexibility was inhibited by an early design decision.     

多种示漏气体分析仪的研制

借鉴欧洲空间中心所用检漏仪的原理及主要技术措施，采用分子泵和机械泵的真空获得系统、钛升华泵和旁通阀真空维持系统、高灵敏的质谱分析系统，研制出了一次能检测出多个系统的高灵敏的多种示漏气体分析仪。文章介绍该分析仪的原理、设计方案、设计特点、设计计算。进行了性能测试，结果表明：该分析仪在大气环境条件下，最小可检测Ｈｅ，ＣＦ４的浓度小于５×１０－８，对Ｎｅ小于５×１０－７。     

一种多任务导航星座设计方法

在分析多任务导航星座中心任务和附加任务的基础上,用n 1重覆盖率评价星座对地面的覆盖性能,基于运筹图论对多任务星座设计及选星方案进行了研究。仿真结果表明,由该法确定的选星方案可满足多任务星座的使命要求。     

Filters for manufacturability in design optimization of variable stiffness composites

In the design optimization of variable stiffness composites, manufacturing constraints imposed by the automated fiber placement technology must be considered. In the present paper, two filters are proposed to address this issue, and they are incorporated into the Shepard interpolation-based design optimization framework developed in our previous studies. The fiber angle arrangement of a composite is represented by a continuous function that interpolates fiber angles at scattered design points. Two filters are appointed for each design point to deal with two typical manufacturing constraints, i.e., fiber curvature and gap/overlap. At each design point, the sensitivity is first filtered in a rectangular region around this point, and by this means the fiber curvature is controlled; then in another rectangular region around this design point, the filtered sensitivities are averaged, and the result is used to update the corresponding design variable. Several numerical examples are investigated, and the results show that the proposed method is effective.     

信息集成在航天运输控制系统中的应用研究

文章从信息集成的角度提出四项一体化设计方法。制导与弹道的一体化设计,采用联立法实现用统一的架构解决复杂约束下飞行器自主动态轨迹规划问题。结果表明这种架构能够灵活处理各种约束条件并具有很高的控制精度,后续的重点是进一步提高计算效率。自检测BIT与地面测试的一体化设计,通过基于高速测量总线的窃听技术、基于模型和数据驱动的自动判读技术以及系统在回路的综合测试技术,实现快速发射和减少技术保障人员的目标,并已逐步开始应用。控制与测量系统的一体化设计,通过平台化的设计方案实现功能模块的集成、重用和重组,降低开发成本,避免重复投资。模型驱动的软硬件一体化设计,通过构建软硬件协同设计平台,实现算法、软件、硬件的并行设计和综合仿真,为系统方案的选择提供定量分析工具。上述信息集成技术为基础理论研究、系统实现和设计方法学等提供新的思路,提升控制系统的自主性和适应性,拓展控制系统的作用,增强快速反应能力,并能有效降低成本。     

The perfect boring situation—Addressing the experience of monotony during crewed deep space missions through habitability design

In contemporary orbital missions, workloads are so high and varied that crew may rarely experience stretches of monotony. However, in historical long duration missions, occurrences of monotony were, indeed, reported anecdotally by crew. Of the effective countermeasures that appear to be at hand, many rely on visual or logistical proximity to the Earth, and are not feasible in the remote context of an extended deep space mission scenario. There, particularly in- and outbound cruising stages would be characterised by longer, comparably uneventful periods of low workload, coupled with confinement and unchanging vehicle surroundings.     

多端口射频开关矩阵单元的设计及应用

多端口射频开关矩阵是卫星有效载荷单机产品自动检测系统的主要组成单元,文章主要介绍了多端口射频开关矩阵产品的射频链路构造设计、控制电路设计和控制软件设计,并给出了应用范围。     

伽利略系统的当前频率和信号设计方案

本文简要介绍伽利略系统最新提出的频率和信号设计方案,涉及方案设计基本要求、频率和信号基本方案、各种导航信号的调制体制、所用扩频测距伪码、性能参数、时间与坐标参考系等。